De novo acute myeloid leukemia risk factors

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is comprised of several bone marrow‐based cancers and is the most common type of leukemia in the United States. The etiology of AML is not well understood. A case‐control study was conducted at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center to investigate associations between lifestyle characteristics and the risk of AML in Texas. METHODS: This study included 638 adult patients with de novo AML (cases) and a group of 636 matched controls. Interviewer‐administered questionnaires were used to collect demographic and occupational data. The distribution of cases by World Health Organization (WHO) subtype was 71 patients (11%) with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities (AML‐RCA), 134 patients (21%) with multilineage dysplasia (AML‐MD), and 389 patients (61%) with AML not otherwise categorized (AML‐NOC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed among all AML cases and among both sexes and each WHO subgroup. RESULTS: Among men, heavy smoking (≥30 pack‐years; odds ratio [OR], 1.86) and occupational solvent exposure at low levels (OR, 2.87) or moderate/high levels (OR, 4.13) statistically significantly increased the risk of AML. Among women, obesity (OR, 1.62) and solvent exposure to low levels (OR, 2.73) or moderate/high levels (OR, 3.90) increased the risk of AML. Across WHO subtypes, obesity was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of AML‐RCA (OR, 3.15), whereas solvent exposure increased the risk in all subtypes at low levels (AML‐RCA: OR, 4.11; AML‐MD: OR, 2.54) and moderate/high levels (AML‐RCA: OR, 5.13; AML‐MD: OR, 3.02). A joint effect between smoking and solvent exposure was observed, and the highest risk was observed among smokers who had solvent exposure (OR, 4.51). CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggested that several factors play a role in AML predisposition with possible joint effects. Risk profiles for AML differed by sex and WHO subtype. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.

Occupational exposure to solvents and acute myeloid leukemia: a population-based, case–control study in four Nordic countries

“…The recent studies by Kaufman et al (10) and Strom et al (11) suggested an increased risk of AML following solvent exposure. However, both studies had limitations with exposure assessment.…”

Dietary Intake of Vegetables, Fruits, and Meats/Beans as Potential Risk Factors of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Texas Case-Control Study

“…Details of the overall study population and methods have been previously published (8). Briefly, cases were adult residents of Texas (aged 18 to 80) who registered at MDACC between 2003 and 2007 with a confirmed diagnosis of de novo AML, with no restrictions on gender, or ethnicity.…”

“…The etiology of AML is complex and not yet well-understood. Epidemiological studies have identified several environmental exposures associated with increased risk of de novo AML, including occupational solvents (2,3), agrichemicals (4,5), ionizing radiation (6), and cigarette smoke (7,8).…”

Prognostic Factors and Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cases: a Report from the Northeast of Iran

“…The median age at diagnosis for patients with AML is 70 years (Estey and Döhner, 2006). The etiology of AML is not well understood (Strom et al, 2012). A number of factors have been reported as affecting the outcome of the disease such as age, White Blood Cell (WBC) count in diagnosis, time to achieve complete remission, abnormal karyotypes and cytogenetics (Ayremlou et al, 2012).…”