De novo AVM formation following venous sinus thrombosis and prior AVM resection in adults: report of 2 cases

Shi, Siyu; Gupta, Raghav; Moore, Justin M.; Griessenauer, Christoph J.; Adeeb, Nimer; Motiei-Langroudi, Rouzbeh; Thomas, Ajith J.; Ogilvy, Christopher S.

doi:10.3171/2016.9.jns161710

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…27 Case reports have been documented since. 1–3,6–33 The findings support the concept that the process of AVM formation is multifactorial and is related to congenital, environmental and haemodynamic factors. 2,5 De novo AVM risk factors noted included a history of haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke, radiation exposure, familial AVMs and aneurysm, dural arteriovenous fistula, Moyamoya disease or cavernoma on initial diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Review of de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: haemorrhage risk, treatment approaches and outcomes

Wang

2018

Neuroradiol J

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Objective A small number of patients has been reported to develop a completely new or de novo arteriovenous malformation (AVM) after brain surgery, haemorrhage, head trauma or ischaemic stroke. The natural history of these lesions is unknown. In this review, both ruptured and unruptured de novo AVMs and their treatments were reviewed. Methods Published literature in the PubMed database citing 'de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation' was reviewed. Additional studies were identified through reference searches in each reviewed article. A review was performed using all published cases, the treatment approaches and outcomes. Results A total of 38 patients, including 37 de novo AVMs reported from 1988 to 17 November 2017 and our one patient, was collected. The age at AVM diagnosis was 5-73 years (mean ± SD, 27.6 ± 20.5 years). The duration time, from negative examination to AVM diagnosis, was 2 months to 25 years (mean ± SD, 6.6 ± 4.9 years). The presentation of de novo AVM was headaches in three (7.9%) patients, bleedings in 12 (31.6%), incidental in 14 (36.8%) and seizure in nine (23.7%). The estimated risk of haemorrhage was 4.8% per year. Seventeen (44.7%) patients were treated with surgical resection, 10 (26.3%) were conservatively observed, nine (23.7%) were treated with radiosurgery and two (5.3%) were endovascularly embolised. The morbidity and mortality were reported as 5.3% and 7.9%, respectively. Conclusion Post-natal de novo AVMs have been reported. Their annual haemorrhage risk is 4.8%. Most of them are treated by surgical resection and are associated with morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…2,5 De novo AVM risk factors noted included a history of haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke, radiation exposure, familial AVMs and aneurysm, dural arteriovenous fistula, Moyamoya disease or cavernoma on initial diagnosis. 1–3,6–33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: haemorrhage risk, treatment approaches and outcomes

Wang

2018

Neuroradiol J

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“…Increased expression of other angiogenetic factors such as KRAS mutations [27], phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) and CD105 (endoglin) [28] has also been reported. De novo bAVM formation after venous sinus thrombosis has also been observed, with impaired venous outflow leading to congestion, parenchymal ischaemia and hypoxia and increased angiogenesis as the proposed mechanism [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Recurrence After Complete Surgical Excision in an Adult: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Loh

2021

Cureus

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Angiographically confirmed complete surgical excision of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) is conventionally considered curative. Recurrence in adults is rarely encountered; only 18 cases have been reported in the English literature over the past 30 years. The potential for recurrence and consequent need for routine long-term follow-up are important considerations in the management of these lesions. We report a case of a 23-year-old female with a recurrent bAVM discovered incidentally on routine imaging three years after complete surgical excision. We review the existing literature and discuss the options for surveillance and management.

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“…3,7,19,21,22,24,29,30 Shi et al and Pabaney et al suggested that AVM development in adult patients may be "triggered by ischemic and/or traumatic events." 27,29 The number of de novo AVMs in adults is consequently so low that it does not affect the conclusions made in this study. Hence, we must conclude that the assumption of an annual hemorrhage risk that decreases after becoming symptomatic very likely is incorrect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to determine the natural course of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations without the need for follow-up information

Karlsson

Johansson

Yang³

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurosurgery

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OBJECTIVEThere is a strong clinical need to accurately determine the average annual hemorrhage risk in unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This need motivated the present initiative to use data from a uniquely large patient population and design a novel methodology to achieve a risk determination with unprecedented accuracy. The authors also aimed to determine the impact of sex, pregnancy, AVM volume, and location on the risk for AVM rupture.METHODSThe present study does not consider any specific management of the AVMs, but only uses the age distribution for the first hemorrhage, the shape of which becomes universal for a sufficiently large set of patients. For this purpose, the authors collected observations, including age at first hemorrhage and AVM size and location, in 3425 patients. The average annual risk for hemorrhage could then be determined from the simple relation that the number of patients with their first hemorrhage at a specific age equals the risk for hemorrhage times the number of patients at risk at that age. For a subset of the patients, the information regarding occurrence of AVM hemorrhage after treatment of the first hemorrhage was used for further analysis of the influence on risk from AVM location and pregnancy.RESULTSThe age distribution for the first AVM hemorrhage was used to determine the average annual risk for hemorrhage in unruptured AVMs at adult ages (25–60 years). It was concluded to be 3.1% ± 0.2% and unrelated to AVM volume but influenced by its location, with the highest risk for centrally located AVMs. The hemorrhage risk was found to be significantly higher for females in their fertile years.CONCLUSIONSThe present methodology allowed the authors to determine the average annual risk for the first AVM hemorrhage at 3.1% ± 0.2% without the need for individual patient follow-up. This methodology has potential also for other similar types of investigations. The conclusion that centrally located AVMs carry a higher risk was confirmed by follow-up information. Follow-up information was also used to conclude that pregnancy causes a substantially greater AVM hemorrhage risk. The age distribution for AVM hemorrhage is incompatible with AVMs present at birth having the same hemorrhage risk as AVMs in adults. Plausibly, they instead develop in the early years of life, possibly with a lower hemorrhage risk during that time period.

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De novo AVM formation following venous sinus thrombosis and prior AVM resection in adults: report of 2 cases

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Review of de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: haemorrhage risk, treatment approaches and outcomes

Review of de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: haemorrhage risk, treatment approaches and outcomes

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Recurrence After Complete Surgical Excision in an Adult: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A novel method to determine the natural course of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations without the need for follow-up information

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