De novo biosynthesis of fatty acids from α-D-glucose in parasitoid wasps of the Nasonia group

Prager, Lorena; Bruckmann, Astrid; Rüther, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103256

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Replicated experiments with different populations of two Leptopilina species then revealed that some populations synthesized fat, while others did not 10,[18][19][20][21] . Recently, similar results were also found for the wasp Nasonia vitripennis 22 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…No stop codons were found in any of the protein domains and ACC and FAS amino acid sequences of all these species aligned (Supplementary Texts 1 and 2), suggesting that these two critical genes for fat synthesis have been conserved throughout the repeated evolution of parasitism in insects. Further tests on these and other parasitoids are now needed to confirm plasticity of fat synthesis at the phenotypic level, but emerging results in other parasitoid systems, e.g., Nasonia species 24 and Meteorus pulchricornis 34 strengthen the notion that plasticity of fat synthesis may be more widespread in parasitoids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recently, active fat synthesis was also found in several closely related wasps in the genus Nasonia 24 , thought to have lost the ability for fat synthesis 16,25 . The observed variation in lipogenic ability could have resulted from genetic evolution due to local adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic plasticity explains apparent reverse evolution of fat synthesis in parasitoid insects

Visser¹,

Alborn

Rondeaux³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dollo's law of irreversibility states that once a complex adaptation has been lost in evolution, it will not be regained. Recently, various violations of this principle have been described. Here, we argue that the logic underlying Dollo's law only applies to traits that are constitutively expressed, while it fails in case of 'plastic' traits that are up- or downregulated according to needs. We tested this hypothesis for an archetypal violation of Dollo's law, the loss and regain of fat synthesis in parasitic wasps. Wasps from lineages that supposedly had lost lipogenic ability more than 200 million years ago were grown under various conditions. In line with our hypothesis, it turned out that fat synthesis had not been lost but was only switched on in low-fat environments. Such plasticity cannot only explain supposed violations of Dollo's law, but also the maintenance of adaptations to rarely occurring extreme events.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Phenotypic plasticity explains apparent reverse evolution of fat synthesis in parasitoid insects

Visser¹,

Alborn

Rondeaux³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…1.5 s) of m/z 90 compared to m/z 87 (Fig. S1 in the supplementary material) [28, 36]. Female-derived chromatograms of all eleven species showed the diagnostic ion m/z 90 at the expected retention times of PAME and SAME (Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N. giraulti , N. longicornis , and Urolepis rufipes , unequivocally demonstrated the incorporation of sugar-derived carbon into fatty acids as well as into the male sex pheromone which is synthesized from fatty acid precursors [32–34]. Furthermore, a proteomics approach revealed that several enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and ATP-citrate synthase are highly abundant in the male pheromone gland [28]. A rapid decrease of lipids has been found in Nv during the first 72 h after emergence [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic wasps do not lack lipogenesis

Rüther

Prager

Pokorny

2021

Preprint

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Fatty acids are crucial primary metabolites for virtually any creature on earth. Therefore, most organisms do not rely exclusively on nutritional supply with fatty acids but have the ability to synthesize fatty acids and triacylglycerides de novo from carbohydrates, a process called lipogenesis. The ubiquity of lipogenesis has been questioned by a series of studies reporting that many parasitic wasps (parasitoids) do not accumulate lipid mass despite having unlimited access to sugar. This has been interpreted as an evolutionary metabolic trait loss in parasitoids. Here, we demonstrate de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids from 13C-labeled α-D-glucose in eleven species of parasitoids from six families. We furthermore show with the model organism Nasonia vitripennis that lipogenesis occurs even when lipid reserves are still intact, but relative 13C-incorporation rates increase in females with widely depleted fat reserves. Therefore, we conclude that the presumed "lack of lipogenesis" in parasitoids needs to be re-evaluated.

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De novo biosynthesis of linoleic acid is widespread in parasitic wasps

Broschwitz

Prager

Pokorny

et al. 2021

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Linoleic acid (C18:2 Δ9,12 , LA) is an important metabolite with numerous essential functions for growth, health, and reproduction of organisms. It has long been assumed that animals lack Δ12-desaturases, the enzymes needed to produce LA from oleic acid (C18:1 Δ9 , OA). There is, however, increasing evidence that this is not generally true for invertebrates. In the insect order Hymenoptera, LA biosynthesis has been shown for only two parasitic wasp species of the so-called "Nasonia group," but it is unknown whether members of other taxa are also capable of synthesizing LA. Here, we demonstrate LA biosynthesis in 13 out of 14 species from six families of parasitic wasps by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis using two different stable isotope labeling techniques. Females of the studied species converted topically applied fully 13 C-labeled OA into LA and/or produced labeled LA after feeding on fully 13 C-labeled α-D-glucose. These results indicate that Δ12-desaturases are widespread in parasitic Hymenoptera and confirm previous studies demonstrating that these insects are capable of synthesizing fatty acids de novo.

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De novo biosynthesis of fatty acids from α-D-glucose in parasitoid wasps of the Nasonia group

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Phenotypic plasticity explains apparent reverse evolution of fat synthesis in parasitoid insects

Phenotypic plasticity explains apparent reverse evolution of fat synthesis in parasitoid insects

Parasitic wasps do not lack lipogenesis

De novo biosynthesis of linoleic acid is widespread in parasitic wasps

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