De novo myeloid sarcoma in a 4‐month‐old infant: a case report and review of the literature

Bain, E. Eugene; Rothman, Ilene L.; Lin, Lin

doi:10.1111/cup.12027

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In 15-35% of cases, MS can appear concomitantly with AML, whereas, in 50% of cases MS appears following the diagnosis of AML. In rare instances (<1%), MS has also been diagnosed after allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), which manifests as an isolated tumor with or without accompanying blood and bone marrow relapse [14,15].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid Sarcoma: The Other Side of Acute Leukemia

Kahali¹

2018

Hematology - Latest Research and Clinical Advances

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Myeloid sarcomas are extramedullary myeloid masses with associated tissue damage. Myeloid sarcomas usually arise before, during or after diagnosis of acute leukemia, most often AML. Majority of the patients with myeloid sarcoma respond to upfront systemic chemotherapy and sometimes bone marrow transplant, but it is unclear which patients will benefit from which treatments. This is primarily due to the paucity of knowledge on myeloid sarcoma. At present, there are no prognostic biomarkers for myeloid sarcoma, which can help in risk stratification in patients with myeloid sarcoma. Several studies have suggested that myeloid sarcoma is more likely to occur with certain translocations such as CBF and MLL rearrangements. In addition, sequencing analysis has identified several mutations in genes such as FLT3, NPM1, EZH2, and KIT. Nevertheless, there is still lack of knowledge to understand why particular leukemia migrates to the skin and soft tissues and becomes refractory to systemic therapy.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid Sarcoma: The Other Side of Acute Leukemia

Kahali¹

2018

Hematology - Latest Research and Clinical Advances

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“…It may occur de novo or concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or a myeloproliferative disorder. Myeloid sarcoma can also be a manifestation of the relapse of the disease [ 2 – 4 ]. Non-effacing tissue leukemic infiltrates are distinguished from MS [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid sarcoma in children – diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties

Samborska¹,

Derwich²,

Skalska‐Sadowska³

et al. 2016

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Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a malignant extramedullary tumour, which consists of immature cells of myeloid origin. It may occur de novo, concurrently or precede the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). MS can also be a manifestation of the relapse of the disease. The more frequent sites of involvement are the skin, orbit, bone, periosteum, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue, central nervous system and testis. Because of its different localization and symptoms, and the lack of diagnostics algorithm, myeloid sarcoma is a real diagnostic challenge, in particular in patients without initial bone marrow involvement. The correct diagnosis of MS is important for adequate therapy, which is often delayed because of a high misdiagnosis rate. In the paper, the role of immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses is emphasized as well as the breadth of unclear aspects of this disorder in children.

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“…The t(8;21) karyotype is associated with AML solid tumors [ 3 ], but was not identified in this case. Granulocytic sarcoma may present as a sign of leukemic relapse in patients who have been previously diagnosed with AML, or who may not have received prior therapy, or as a de novo diagnosis in the absence of any previous pathology [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Granulocytic Sarcoma or Extramedullary Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia of the Gallbladder

et al. 2018

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Patient: Female, 74Final Diagnosis: AML chloromaSymptoms: Abdominal painMedication: —Clinical Procedure: —Specialty: OncologyObjective:Rare diseaseBackground:Granulocytic sarcoma, or ‘chloroma,’ due to extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or due to acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML M5), is rare and is associated with a poor prognosis. This report is of a case of granulocytic sarcoma of the gallbladder and describes the approach to diagnosis and treatment.Case Report:A 74-year-old Hispanic woman from Ecuador presented to the emergency department with a five-day history of fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The right upper quadrant ultrasound showed a thickened gallbladder wall with cholelithiasis, a positive sonographic Murphy sign, and marked dilatation of the common bile duct, which was up to 17 mm in diameter. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed purulence and a stone in the common bile duct, which was removed. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy which identified gangrenous cholecystitis. Despite cholecystectomy and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, she remained febrile with a leukocytosis of up to 80,000 cells/µL. Histopathology of the gallbladder showed infiltrating myeloblasts within the mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis consistent with a granulocytic sarcoma associated with gangrenous cholecystitis due to cholelithiasis. Immunohistochemistry, using a panel of antibodies to CD33, CD68, HLA-DR, and lysozyme, supported the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma or extramedullary acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML M5).Conclusions:A rare case of an extramedullary hematologic malignancy, granulocytic sarcoma of the gallbladder is presented, which highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment, due to the high mortality rate associated with granulocytic sarcoma, or extramedullary AML.

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De novo myeloid sarcoma in a 4‐month‐old infant: a case report and review of the literature

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Myeloid Sarcoma: The Other Side of Acute Leukemia

Myeloid Sarcoma: The Other Side of Acute Leukemia

Myeloid sarcoma in children – diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties

A Case of Granulocytic Sarcoma or Extramedullary Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia of the Gallbladder

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