De‐Stressing Stress:<i>The Power of Mindsets and the Art of Stressing Mindfully</i>

Crum, Alia J.; Lyddy, Christopher

doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch49

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Mindset refers to a set of beliefs an individual holds that act as lenses to guide future actions [17]. Researchers have experimented with alterations of stress mindsets through presentation of information about stress that emphasizes particular elements of the stress experience and outcomes [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of stress reappraisal interventions on stress responsivity: A meta-analysis and systematic review of existing evidence

et al. 2019

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Background The beliefs we hold about stress play an important role in coping with stressors. Various theoretical frameworks of stress point to the efficacy of reframing stress-related information through brief reappraisal interventions in order to promote adaptive coping. Purpose The goal of the current meta-analysis and systematic review is to substantiate the efficacy of reappraisal interventions on stress responsivity compared to control conditions. Differences in experimental methodologies (e.g., type of stressor used, timing of reappraisal intervention, and content of intervention instructions) will be examined to further delineate their effects on intervention outcomes. Methods The literature searches were conducted on May 16, 2018 using PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and PILOTS databases with no date restriction. The search terms included stress, reframing, reappraisal, mindset and reconceptualising. A total of 14 articles with 36 independent samples were included in the meta-analysis, while 22 articles with 46 independent samples were included in the systematic review. Random-effects model was used to test the null hypothesis using two-tailed significance testing. Fisher’s Z value was reported for each corresponding test. Heterogeneity tests are reported via Cochran’s Q-statistics. Results Findings from both the meta-analysis and systematic review revealed that overall, reappraisal interventions are effective in attenuating subjective responsivity to stress. Standard differences in means across groups are 0.429 ( SE = 0.185, 95% CI = 0.067 to 0.791; z = 2.320, p = .020). However, reappraisal intervention groups did not outperform control groups on measures of physiological stress, with standard differences of -0.084 ( SE = 0.135, 95% CI = -0.349 to 0.180; z = -0.627, p = .531). Moderator analysis revealed heterogeneous effects suggesting large variability in findings. Conclusions On one hand, findings may suggest a promising avenue for the effective management of self-reported stress and optimization of stress responses. However, more research is needed to better elucidate the effects, if any, of reappraisal interventions on stress physiology. Implications for the use of reappraisal interventions on stress optimization are discussed in the context of theoretical frameworks and considerations for future studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of stress reappraisal interventions on stress responsivity: A meta-analysis and systematic review of existing evidence

et al. 2019

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“…For example, a study will specifically examine patients with addiction problems and another study focuses more on preventing stress-related problems and, as Crum recommends, magnifying cognitive, emotional, and physical attributes that may contribute to better adaptive responses over time. 13…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12–16 Stress mindset is defined as the overarching belief that stress is either enhancing or debilitating and as such is a distinct variable from traditional stress-related variables such as the amount, appraisal, and coping with stress. 13 The importance of stress mindset is further shown by Keller et al who found that individuals who believed stress negatively affects health were 43% more likely to die prematurely. 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…12–16 For example, Crum and Lyddy showed that stress mindset can be changed through short film clips with information biased toward either the enhancing or the debilitating nature of stress. 13 In addition, Kim et al suggest that given that optimism is negatively related with numerous causes of mortality, targeting new optimism strategies to improve health is an important area for future research. 19 It thus seems to be important to make someone's stress mindset more positive and personally meaningful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changing Stress Mindset Through Stressjam: A Virtual Reality Game Using Biofeedback

Maarsingh

Bos

Tuijn

et al. 2019

Games for Health Journal

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Objective: A range of recent studies suggest that overall mindset about stress is related to health, performance, and well-being. Therefore, an exploratory study was conducted to examine whether virtual reality (VR) with real-time biofeedback would have potential in training people in an engaging way to develop a new stress-is-enhancing mindset.Materials and Methods: The specific application to improve people's stress mindset that was used in this study is Stressjam. The application was tested on its attractiveness by 111 healthy participants, specifically on their personal involvement through the Personal Involvement Inventory and its usability through the System Usability Scale. In addition to the healthy participants, a group of 64 patients dealing with stress used Stressjam for at least three sessions. The Stress Mindset Measure was used to assess the stress mindset of both groups, at baseline and after finishing their session(s).Results: Stressjam appears to be an application that is user friendly with good user involvement. The healthy participants and the patient sample both had a more positive stress mindset after using the application than at baseline, t(111) = 4.38, P < 0.001, and F(1,63) = 66.57, P < 0.001, respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study give some indications that using VR with biofeedback might be useful in working toward a more positive stress mindset. As such, further research into applications such as Stressjam is warranted.

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“…Indeed, deciding whether an event or stimulus is a threat or challenge (primary appraisal), and whether we have the resources to cope (secondary appraisal), are the sequential steps that affect how we respond to stress in one prominent theory (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Research also suggests that mindset is an important domain within stress and coping (Crum & Lyddy, 2014;Crum, Salovey, & Achor, 2013). Mindset refers to the set of lenses through which individuals understand the world, organize incoming information, and guide future actions (Dweck, 2008).…”

Section: Perceptions Of Stress Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Reframing the Individual Stress Response

Liu¹

2023

Preprint

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Our society is preoccupied with stress. Previous research demonstrates that the majority of the sampled population perceives the consequences of stress to be primarily negative. By reframing the consequences of stress to highlight both positive and negative effects of stress, individuals may experience more efficient and adaptive stress responses (Liu et al., 2017). The extent to which we can reframe the consequences of stress to elicit more adaptive responses thus merits further investigation. This dissertation investigated the effects of reframing (positive, negative, balanced, and control) on stress responsivity, while also priming individuals on personal strengths (resilient strengths or non-resilient/control strength) to further enhance coping. Through two studies, the current dissertation examined whether different information presented on the consequences of stress via reframing contributes to improved responsivity to stressors, and whether priming an individual to believe in select strengths further enhances receptivity to reframing and reactivity to stressors. Outcome measures included both objective, physiological indexes of stress (heart rate, blood pressure, and electrodermal activity), test performance on stressor-task, and subjective ratings of stress (self-report responses via visual analogue scales). Mixed-ANOVA, linear regression, and exploratory hierarchical modelling were used to analyze the data. Results via visual analogue scales support the efficacy of balanced reframing in reducing self-reported stress, and provide some evidence for its efficacy across physiological parameters of stress via electrodermal activity. Across measures, results provide little support for the efficacy of strength priming in eliciting more adaptive responsivity to stressors. However, balanced framing and resilient strength priming may interact to reduce perceptions of stress as threatening and uncontrollable. Taken together, findings across two studies suggest that reframing stress by presenting both positive and negative information on the outcomes of stress may be an important step in the education of stress to better manage everyday stressors. Further, efforts to personalize this intervention approach by tailoring it to individual may be an area worthy of future research. Key Words: Beliefs; Coping; Personal Strengths; Reframing; Responsivity; Stress

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De‐Stressing Stress:The Power of Mindsets and the Art of Stressing Mindfully

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

The efficacy of stress reappraisal interventions on stress responsivity: A meta-analysis and systematic review of existing evidence

The efficacy of stress reappraisal interventions on stress responsivity: A meta-analysis and systematic review of existing evidence

Changing Stress Mindset Through Stressjam: A Virtual Reality Game Using Biofeedback

Reframing the Individual Stress Response

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