“…The original work in this area focused on the impact of VP and OT in passive or active avoidance learning (Bohus et al, 1972, 1978b; de Wied, 1991), but has also expanded to understanding navigation (i.e., hippocampal-dependent cognition; e.g., Engelmann et al, 1992; Everts and Koolhaas, 1999), retrieval and relearning in visual discrimination (Alescio-Lautier et al, 1987), and social recognition and social memory (e.g., Ferguson et al, 2002; Albers, 2012; Stevenson and Caldwell, 2012). The main neural targets on which VP and OT assert effects on memory include the hippocampus, the cingulate and retrosplenial cortices, septum, several subunits of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and other limbic structures such as the amygdala and medial preoptic area (e.g., Popik and Van Ree, 1998; Ferguson et al, 2001; McEwen, 2004; Ophir et al, 2008b). More recently, increasing attention has been dedicated to understanding the roles of nonapeptides in the hippocampus and hippocampal-dependent memory.…”