Deacidification of high-acid rice bran oil by the tandem continuous-flow enzymatic reactors

Contemporary Views of the Extraction, Health Benefits, and Industrial Integration of Rice Bran Oil: A Prominent Ingredient for Holistic Human Health

“…Several active catalysts prevail in RB, such as intensive enzymatic activity, which can be witnessed in the germ and the outermost layers of the seed coat. Several such enzymes are always in place, including lipase, alpha and beta-glycosidase, lecithinase, invertase, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, flavin oxidase, deoxyribonuclease, dehydrogenase, lipoxygen, ascorbic acid oxidase, and esterase [89]. Since they impact the maintenance of integrity and storage stability of RB, peroxidase, lipoxygenase, and lipase are the most significant in commerce.…”

Phytosterols in rice bran and their health benefits

“…The FFA content in rice bran oil was reduced from 16.0 to 2.4%, and the conversion of phytosterols was 85.7% (62). In addition, the retention rate of γ-oryzanol is more than 40% higher than that of traditional alkaline refining method (63). In order to improve the reuse and value-added conversion of crude high acid rice bran oil, enzymes are often employed to obtain phytosterols by enzymatic esterification with FFA from rice bran.…”

Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate in Solventless Liquid One Phase Conditions: Role of Reaction Medium Engineering on Catalytic Performance

“…Although lipases can be used in their free form, immobilized lipases have advantages such as easy recovery and reuse, and possibility of using various reactor configurations. 29,30,39,40 However, an appropriate immobilization protocol is necessary to improve enzyme selectivity, specificity, activity, and response to inhibitors and harmful chemicals. 41−43 Controlled immobilization protocols are essential to achieve the full benefits of immobilization, as an unsuitable immobilization protocol can lead to a biocatalysts with even worse performance than that of the free enzyme.…”

“…Lipases are interfacial enzymes with a unique catalytic mechanism called interfacial activation, which involves a polypeptide chain that can isolate or expose the active center to the medium production. ,– The large hydrophobic pocket in lipases open form allows them to become adsorbed to the substrate droplets and to act at the oil–water interface 36 . Although lipases can be used in their free form, immobilized lipases have advantages such as easy recovery and reuse, and possibility of using various reactor configurations. ,,, However, an appropriate immobilization protocol is necessary to improve enzyme selectivity, specificity, activity, and response to inhibitors and harmful chemicals. – Controlled immobilization protocols are essential to achieve the full benefits of immobilization, as an unsuitable immobilization protocol can lead to a biocatalysts with even worse performance than that of the free enzyme. – …”