Dealing with the Ups and Downs of Life: Positive Dispositions in Coping with Negative and Positive Events and Their Relationships with Well-Being Indicators

Abstract

In a four-wave, longitudinal study (N = 323), we tested the relationships between five positive dispositions—mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude, hedonism, and eudaimonism—and time-varying negative affect, positive affect, life satisfaction, and meaning in life. These relationships were tested while controlling for the ups and downs in life across three months, operationalized as the effects, for a respondent, of having experienced more frequent and intense positive and negative events compared to other individuals in the sample (inter-individual variation) and of having experienced more frequent and intense positive and negative events than usual for that person (intra-individual variation). We also tested the interactive effects between each disposition and intra-individual variation in the frequency and intensity of negative and positive events on well-being variables. Results, obtained through multilevel models with repeated observations nested in individuals, showed that each disposition had specific associations with well-being indicators, although stronger effects were detected for eudaimonism and, especially, self-compassion. Moderation analyses showed that: mindfulness and self-compassion buffered intra-individual variation in negative events; people scoring higher on hedonism, eudaimonism, and self-compassion showed less need to rely on positive events to experience positive emotions; experiencing a negative event that was more intense than usual was associated with higher meaning in life for people with high levels of eudaimonism. Overall, findings suggest that mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude, hedonism, and eudaimonism build well-being through different channels. Positive interventions could benefit from mixing these healthy functioning strategies and considering their roles in reactions to events.

The influence of gratitude on pre-service teachers’ career goal self-efficacy: Chained intermediary analysis of meaning in life and career calling

“…Since gratitude involves the evaluation of positive things one has, and MIL includes the appraisal of the importance of one's existence, maintaining an appreciative life orientation can affirm one's existence further (Ryff and Singer, 1998). In addition, recent studies have also shown gratitude can strongly predict MIL (Datu and Mateo, 2015;Fuochi and Voci, 2020;Chih-Che, 2021). Second, MIL can predict CGSE positively.…”

Effects of a Personalised Physical Exercise Program on University Workers Overall Well-Being: “UAL-Activa” Program

“…In their study, Feuerhahn [ 21 ] show that on days when workers perform PE during their workday, they perceive an improvement in their physical and mental well-being, understood as the presence of healthier emotional states, thanks to the positive metabolic adaptations they receive after the practice. Moreover, these benefits at the emotional level are projected at the organisational level because there is ample evidence that workers’ positive emotional states are important antecedents of good work outcomes and success [ 22 , 23 ]. Indeed, non-sedentary individuals are more empathetic and less distracted in their work tasks in a university environment [ 24 ].…”