Death comes for us all: relating movement-integrated habitat selection and social behavior to human-associated and disease-related mortality among gray wolves

Turner, Julie W.; Prokopenko, Christina M.; Kingdon, Katrien A.; Dupont, Daniel L. J.; Zabihi-Seissan, Sana; Wal, Eric Vander

doi:10.1007/s00442-023-05426-6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…During the study period (2016-2017), the wolf population was estimated from aerial and snow track surveys at ∼70 individuals and 13 packs. Mortality causes (68% of the sample population) observed during our study were anthropogenic (trapping, poisoning, gunshot; constituting 20% of mortalities of study animals), conspecific (12%), and disease (Canine Distemper Virus 36%; Turner et al, 2023). Prey defense is a source of mortality not represented in the sample population, but one unmarked individual was discovered at a kill site, succumbing to injuries due to blunt force.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Hunger Drives Switching and Searching Response in a Social Predator

Prokopenko,

Zabihi-Seissan,

Dupont

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Hunger is a frequent state for many predators and increasing hunger is likely to motivate costly behaviour to acquire necessary resources. Generalist predators must balance the costs and gains of hunting different prey, including increasing encounter rates and improving success rates by seeking areas with greater prey catchability. Large carnivores face threats when they interact with humans or conspecifics. We use integrated step selection analysis to describe spatiotemporal factors that influence wolf (Canis lupus) hunting behavior in Riding Mountain National Park, a natural area that wolves share with moose (Alces alces) and elk (Cervus canadensis). If hunger generates more risky behavior by wolves, as time-from-kill increases we expect wolves will: (1) search for and kill a prey that poses higher risk of injury, (2) use the periphery of their range, (3) use areas closer to the park boundary. Hunger alters wolf space use and drives a fine scale change in prey tracking. Movement patterns of hungry wolves are indicative of search behavior, i.e., shorter steps and more turning. Contrary to our predictions, hungry wolves moved further into the park. As wolves become hungrier, they switch their response from a weak selection to avoidance of elk. In contrast, the response to the primary and emergent prey, moose varied between individuals with some pack level similarities. Therefore, the state-based response to a pervasive risk and a historical resource was conserved in a population residing in a prey rich ‘island’ interfacing with human disturbance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunger Drives Switching and Searching Response in a Social Predator

Prokopenko,

Zabihi-Seissan,

Dupont

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Traditionally, habitat selection models measure how characteristics of habitats influence which are selected or avoided [ 13 ]. However, recent interest in behavioural differences between individual animals has inspired innovative new models quantifying the effects of dynamic social environments [ 14 ], behavioural states [ 15 ], and disease [ 16 ] on habitat selection. Another natural extension of habitat selection models would be to quantify relationships between glucocorticoids and the selection of habitats used for foraging as energy requirements change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between glucocorticoids and habitat selection reflect daily and seasonal energy requirements

Newediuk,

Mastromonaco,

Vander Wal

2024

Mov Ecol

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Background Glucocorticoids are often associated with stressful environments, but they are also thought to drive the best strategies to improve fitness in stressful environments. Glucocorticoids improve fitness in part by regulating foraging behaviours in response to daily and seasonal energy requirements. However, many studies demonstrating relationships between foraging behaviour and glucocorticoids are experimental, and few observational studies conducted under natural conditions have tested whether changing glucocorticoid levels are related to daily and seasonal changes in energy requirements. Methods We integrated glucocorticoids into habitat selection models to test for relationships between foraging behaviour and glucocorticoid levels in elk (Cervus canadensis) as their daily and seasonal energy requirements changed. Using integrated step selection analysis, we tested whether elevated glucocorticoid levels were related to foraging habitat selection on a daily scale and whether that relationship became stronger during lactation, one of the greatest seasonal periods of energy requirement for female mammals. Results We found stronger selection of foraging habitat by female elk with elevated glucocorticoids (eß = 1.44 95% CI 1.01, 2.04). We found no difference in overall glucocorticoid levels after calving, nor a significant change in the relationship between glucocorticoids and foraging habitat selection at the time of calving. However, we found a gradual increase in the relationship between glucocorticoids and habitat selection by female elk as their calves grew over the next few months (eß = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00, 1.02), suggesting a potentially stronger physiological effect of glucocorticoids for elk with increasing energy requirements. Conclusions We suggest glucocorticoid-integrated habitat selection models demonstrate the role of glucocorticoids in regulating foraging responses to daily and seasonal energy requirements. Ultimately, this integration will help elucidate the implications of elevated glucocorticoids under natural conditions.

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Taking cues from ecological and evolutionary theories to expand the landscape of disgust

Love,

Heckley,

Webber

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Behavioural avoidance of parasites in the environment generates what is known as the ‘landscape of disgust’ (analogous to the predator-induced ‘landscape of fear’). Despite the potential for improving our inference of host–parasite dynamics, three limitations of the landscape of disgust restrict the insight that is gained from current research: (i) many host–parasite systems will not be appropriate for invoking the landscape of disgust framework; (ii) existing research has primarily focused on immediate choices made by hosts on small scales, limiting predictive power, generalizability, and the value of the insight obtained; and (iii) relevant ecological and evolutionary theory has yet to be integrated into the framework, challenging our ability to interpret the landscape of disgust within the context of most host–parasite systems. In this review, we explore the specific requirements for implementing a landscape of disgust framework in empirical systems. We also propose greater integration of habitat selection and evolutionary theories, aiming to generate novel insight, by exploring how the landscape of disgust varies within and across generations, presenting opportunities for future research. Despite interest in the impacts of parasitism on animal movement and behaviour, many unanswered questions remain.

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Death comes for us all: relating movement-integrated habitat selection and social behavior to human-associated and disease-related mortality among gray wolves

Cited by 4 publications

References 96 publications

Hunger Drives Switching and Searching Response in a Social Predator

Hunger Drives Switching and Searching Response in a Social Predator

Associations between glucocorticoids and habitat selection reflect daily and seasonal energy requirements

Taking cues from ecological and evolutionary theories to expand the landscape of disgust

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