Death in a sphere: <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> secretes outer membrane vesicles filled with antibiotics

Wettstadt, Sarah

doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12839

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Chromobacterium violaceum delivers violacein, a hydrophobic antibiotic, to other microbes in membrane vesicles (Choi et al . 2020 ; Wettstadt 2020 ). Not only do the extracellular vesicles provide a transport mechanism, they also offer a clever solution to the problem of solubility of hydrophobic compounds like violacein, a bisindole with antibiotic capacity.…”

Section: Microbes Produce Extracellular Vesicles Against Other Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-derived extracellular vesicles for antimicrobial defense

et al. 2021

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Extracellular vesicles are of increasing importance in the clinic, as diagnostics for complex diseases and as potential delivery systems for therapeutics. Over the past several decades, extracellular vesicles have emerged as a widespread, conserved mechanism of intercellular and interkingdom communication. The ubiquitous distribution of extracellular vesicles across life offers at least two compelling opportunities: first a path forward in the design of targeted antimicrobial delivery systems; and second, a new way to view host pathogenesis during infection. Both avenues of research are well underway. In particular, preliminary studies showing that plant and human host-derived extracellular vesicles can deliver natural antimicrobial cargos to invading fungal and bacterial pathogens are captivating. Further, modification of host extracellular vesicle populations may ultimately lead to enhanced killing and serve as a starting point for the development of more advanced therapeutic options, especially against difficult to treat pathogens. Despite the rapid pace of growth surrounding extracellular vesicle biology, many questions remain unanswered. For example, the heterogeneity of vesicle populations continues to be a confounding factor in ascribing clear functions to a vesicular subset, and the molecular cargos responsible for specific antimicrobial actions of extracellular vesicles during infection remain especially poorly described. In this short review, we will summarize the current state of affairs surrounding the antimicrobial function, and potential, of host-derived extracellular vesicles.

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Section: Microbes Produce Extracellular Vesicles Against Other Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-derived extracellular vesicles for antimicrobial defense

et al. 2021

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“…Indeed, in mammalian, plant, and microbial hosts EVs are produced in response to a pathogenic attack, functioning as discrete carriers for molecules addressed against enemies and competitors [21]. Since '90 many examples of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities associated with bacterial EVs have been reported and attributed to the presence of different compounds such as bacteriocins [22], hydrolytic enzymes [23], antibiotics [24,25] and small interfering RNAs [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles from a Biofilm of a Clinical Isolate of Candida albicans Negatively Impact on Klebsiella pneumoniae Adherence and Biofilm Formation

Imparato,

Maione,

Buonanno

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans produces and releases into the surrounding medium extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are involved in some processes as communication between fungal cells and host–pathogen interactions during infection. Here, we have conducted the isolation of EVs produced by a clinical isolate of C. albicans during biofilm formation and proved their effect towards the ability of the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae to adhere to HaCaT cells and form a biofilm in vitro. The results represent the first evidence of an antagonistic action of fungal EVs against bacteria.

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“…C. violaceum uses its OMV to thwart its rivals and kill them in an ecological niche using OMV-derived violacein, one of its potent antibiotics. OMVs can easily be incorporated into other organisms due to its rapid permeabilization into lipid bilayers ( Wettstadt, 2020 ). The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria competitors, on the other hand, opposes the entry of violacein and prevents it from reaching the inner membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of virulence in Chromobacterium violaceum and strategies to combat it

Venkatramanan,

Nalini

2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Chromobacterium is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria with a cosmopolitan distribution. Just about 160 Chromobacterium violaceum incidents have been reported globally, but then once infected, it has the ability to cause deadly septicemia, and infections in the lungs, liver, brain, spleen, and lymphatic systems that might lead to death. C. violaceum produces and utilizes violacein to kill bacteria that compete with it in an ecological niche. Violacein is a hydrophobic bisindole that is delivered through an efficient transport route termed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) through the aqueous environment. OMVs are small, spherical segments detached from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. C. violaceum OMV secretions are controlled by a mechanism called the quorum sensing system CviI/CviR, which enables cell-to-cell communication between them and regulation of various virulence factors such as biofilm formation, and violacein biosynthesis. Another virulence factor bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is divided into two types: Cpi-1 and Cpi-2. Cpi-1’s needle and rod effector proteins are perhaps recognized by NAIP receptors in humans and mice, activating the NLRC4 inflammasome cascade, effectively clearing spleen infections via pyroptosis, and cytotoxicity mediated by IL-18-driven Natural killer (NK) cells in the liver. In this paper, we attempt to interrelate quorum-controlled biofilm formation, violacein production, violacein delivery by OMVs and T3SS effector protein production and host mediated immunological effects against the Cpi1 of T3SS. We suggest a research path with natural bioactive molecule like palmitic acid that can act as an anti-quorum agent by reducing the expression of virulence factors as well as an immunomodulatory agent that can augment innate immune defense by hyperactivation of NLRC4 inflammasome hence dramatically purge C. violaceum infections.

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Death in a sphere: Chromobacterium violaceum secretes outer membrane vesicles filled with antibiotics

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Host-derived extracellular vesicles for antimicrobial defense

Host-derived extracellular vesicles for antimicrobial defense

Extracellular Vesicles from a Biofilm of a Clinical Isolate of Candida albicans Negatively Impact on Klebsiella pneumoniae Adherence and Biofilm Formation

Regulation of virulence in Chromobacterium violaceum and strategies to combat it

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