Death related to consumption of Rauvolfia sp. powder mislabeled as Tabernanthe iboga

Gicquel, Thomas; Hugbart, Chloé; Dévéhat, Françoise Lohézic-Le; Lepage, Sylvie; Baert, A.; Bouvet, R.; Morel, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.06.014

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine levels were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HR-MS). Plasma samples (200 μL) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and analyses were performed by a LC-ESI-HR-MS system equipped with a Thermo Fisher Scientific Q Exactive TM (San Jose, CA, United States) mass spectrometer system as previously described (Boumrah et al, 2016; Gicquel et al, 2016). They were quantified on human plasma-calibration curves using exact mass, respectively, 310.1413 and 296.1257 m/z.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Psychosocial Chronic Stress Model in the Pig Using a Multidisciplinary Approach at the Gut-Brain and Behavior Levels

Menneson

Ménicot²,

Ferret‐Bernard³

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Psychological chronic stress is an important risk factor for major depressive disorder, of which consequences have been widely studied in rodent models. This work aimed at describing a pig model of chronic stress based on social isolation, environmental impoverishment and unpredictability. Three groups of animals of both sexes were constituted. Two were exposed to the psychosocial stressors while receiving (SF, n = 12) or not (SC, n = 22) the antidepressant fluoxetine, and a third group (NSC, n = 22) remained unstressed. Animals were observed in home pens and during dedicated tests to assess resignation and anxiety-like behaviors. Brain structure and function were evaluated via proton MRS and fMRI. Hippocampal molecular biology and immunodetection of cellular proliferation (Ki67 + ) and neuron maturation (DCX + ) in the dentate gyrus were also performed. Salivary cortisol, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and various plasmatic and intestinal biomarkers were analyzed. Compared to NSC, SC animals showed more resignation ( p = 0.019) and had a higher level of salivary cortisol ( p = 0.020). SC brain responses to stimulation by a novel odor were lower, similarly to their hippocampal neuronal density ( p = 0.015), cellular proliferation ( p = 0.030), and hippocampal levels of BDNF and 5-HT 1A R ( p = 0.056 and p = 0.007, respectively). However, the number of DCX + cells was higher in the ventral dentate gyrus in this group ( p = 0.025). In addition, HOMA-IR was also higher ( p < 0.001) and microbiota fermentation activity was lower (SCFAs, SC/NSC: p < 0.01) in SC animals. Fluoxetine partially or totally reversed several of these effects. Exposure to psychosocial stressors in the pig model induced effects consistent with the human and rodent literature, including resignation behavior and alterations of the HPA axis and hippocampus. This model opens the way to innovative translational research exploring the mechanisms of chronic stress and testing intervention strategies with good face validity related to human.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Psychosocial Chronic Stress Model in the Pig Using a Multidisciplinary Approach at the Gut-Brain and Behavior Levels

Menneson

Ménicot²,

Ferret‐Bernard³

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Low or zero concentrations of ibogaine should be of high concern. A recent report of a product sold as iboga bark was found to be Rauvolfia powder, which did not contain any iboga alkaloids and caused the death of the subject who used it thinking it was iboga root bark 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytical study of iboga alkaloids contained in Tabernanthe iboga-derived products offered by ibogaine treatment providers

Bouso¹,

Fornís

Vilamala

et al. 2020

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Background: Therapeutic properties of ibogaine in the treatment of addiction are attracting both clinicians and patients to its use. Since ibogaine is not an authorized medicine, the quality of these products is not always known, increasing the probability of adverse reactions. Objective: This study collects different types of iboga-derived samples from treatment providers, vendors and online buyers to analyse their content. Methods: Analysis of iboga products (n = 16) was performed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry methods (GC/MS). Products included Iboga root bark, Total Alkaloids (TA), Purified Total Alkaloids (PTA HCl), ibogaine hydrochloride (ibogaine HCl) and one Voacanga africana root bark. Results: The content of ibogaine was highly variable, ranging from 0.6% to 11.2% for products sold as iboga root bark, from 8.2% to 32.9% for products sold as TA, 73.7% for one sample sold as PTA and from 61.5% to 73.4% for products sold as ibogaine HCl. One sample did not show any iboga alkaloids. Other alkaloids and unknown substances were found in almost all samples. Discussion: The purity of iboga products is highly variable. These results should be taken into consideration by suppliers and users, especially regarding correct dosing to avoid overdose, as well as potential interactions with other substances.

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“…Alcohol was quantified using headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (TRACE 2000, Thermo Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA) and an autosampler (TriPlus Headspace, Thermo Scientific). Drugs were assayed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (Q-Exactive™ Orbitrap (since 2014) or TSQ Quantum Ultra, Thermo Scientific) coupled to a pump (Accela 1250, Thermo Scientific), as described elsewhere ( Gicquel et al, 2016 , Gicquel et al, 2013 , Le Daré et al, 2019 ). The limits of quantification (LOQ) for the different analyses are shown in Table 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and drug consumption among motor vehicle drivers in the Brittany region of France: A 9-year cross-sectional population study

Daré¹,

Degrémont²,

Couty³

et al. 2021

Preventive Medicine Reports

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The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of positive tests for alcohol and drugs during roadside testing or after road accidents among drivers in the Brittany region of France. The study’s secondary objective was to describe the blood concentrations of the substances found during these tests, in order to provide a scientific basis for the establishment or modification of legislative threshold values for road injuries prevention. We performed a cross-sectional study of a database compiled by Rennes University Hospital’s toxicology laboratory in the Brittany region of France between 2010 and 2018. Driver’s age, sex, and test status (positive or negative), and blood levels of ethanol, 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), methylene dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine, benzoylecgonine and 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) were collected. Twelve thousand four hundred and ninety-seven drivers (males: 86.1%; median (range) age: 29 (15–94)) have provided roadside blood samples, giving a total of 25,998 test results. Among the 10,996 drivers with at least one positive test, the median blood concentrations of ethanol, THC, MDMA, amphetamine, benzoylecgonine, and 6-MAM were respectively 1.82 g/L, 2.41 ng/mL, 138.4 ng/mL, 67.7 ng/mL, 173.3 ng/mL, and 0.97 ng/mL. 1159 (10.54%) of the 10,996 drivers tested positive for two or more substances, and 151 (1.4%) tested positive for three or more substances. With the exception of heroin, the currently recommended threshold values appear to be appropriate for road injuries prevention with regard to the concentrations observed in offenders.

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Death related to consumption of Rauvolfia sp. powder mislabeled as Tabernanthe iboga

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Validation of a Psychosocial Chronic Stress Model in the Pig Using a Multidisciplinary Approach at the Gut-Brain and Behavior Levels

Validation of a Psychosocial Chronic Stress Model in the Pig Using a Multidisciplinary Approach at the Gut-Brain and Behavior Levels

An analytical study of iboga alkaloids contained in Tabernanthe iboga-derived products offered by ibogaine treatment providers

Alcohol and drug consumption among motor vehicle drivers in the Brittany region of France: A 9-year cross-sectional population study

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