Deaths and Injuries Attributed to Infant Crib Bumper Pads

Thach, Bradley T.; Rutherford, George W.; Harris, Kathleen A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.028

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The use of crib bumper pads is strongly discouraged because the possibility for serious injury, including suffocation and strangulation, greatly outweighs any minor injury they may prevent. 7,8 Our findings support the recommendations in the 2000 American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force report regarding the importance of an infant's sleeping environment in reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. 5 Consistent with previous studies, some injuries in our study were related to the unique characteristics of each product, such as bassinet collapse, broken slats and stabilizing clips of cribs, playpen collapse, playpen modifications, and incorrect assembly.…”

Section: And the 2009 Kids Insupporting

confidence: 79%

“…2 Despite efforts to reduce these risks, crib-related injuries accounted for more than 14 500 injuries to children younger than 5 years of age in 2009 and were associated with the majority of nursery product deaths. 3 Previous studies have investigated infant mortality attributed to suffocation and strangulation in cribs and adult beds, 4 risk factors for sudden unexpected death in infancy, 5,6 injuries attributed to crib bumper pads, 7,8 and deaths attributed to hanging, wedging, and positional asphyxia. [9][10][11] However, nonfatal injuries associated with cribs have been largely overlooked in research, although these events are far greater in number than fatalities associated with cribs and can result in serious morbidity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Injuries Associated With Cribs, Playpens, and Bassinets Among Young Children in the US, 1990–2008

et al. 2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Previous research has focused on infant mortality attributed to suffocation and strangulation in the crib environment. No studies have investigated both fatal and nonfatal crib-related injuries. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample to investigate injuries among young children associated with cribs, playpens, and bassinets. abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of injuries related to cribs, playpens, and bassinets among young children in the United States. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was done using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children younger than 2 years of age treated in emergency departments in the United States from 1990 through 2008 for an injury associated with cribs, playpens, and bassinets. RESULTS:An estimated 181 654 (95% confidence interval: 148 548 -214 761) children younger than 2 years of age were treated in emergency departments in the United States for injuries related to cribs, playpens, and bassinets during the 19-year study period. There was an average of 9561 cases per year or an average of 12.1 injuries per 10 000 children younger than 2 years old per year. Most of the injuries involved cribs (83.2%), followed by playpens (12.6%) and bassinets (4.2%). The most common mechanism of injury was a fall from a crib, playpen, or bassinet, representing 66.2% of injuries. Soft-tissue injuries comprised the most common diagnosis (34.1%), and the most frequently injured body region was the head or neck (40.3%). Patients with fractures were admitted 14.0% of the time, making them 5.45 (95% confidence interval: 3.80 -7.80) times more likely to be hospitalized than patients with other types of injury. Children younger than 6 months were 2.97 (95% confidence interval: 2.07-4.24) times more likely to be hospitalized than older children. CONCLUSIONS:This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample to examine injuries associated with cribs, playpens, and bassinets. Given the consistently high number of observed injuries, greater efforts are needed to ensure safety in the design and manufacture of these products, ensure their proper usage in the home, and increase awareness of their potential dangers to young children.

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Section: And the 2009 Kids Insupporting

confidence: 79%

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confidence: 99%

Injuries Associated With Cribs, Playpens, and Bassinets Among Young Children in the US, 1990–2008

et al. 2011

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“…However, Thach et al, 44 in a study using data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, found 3 mechanisms of SIDS that can be caused by bumper pads: suffocation against the bumper pads, entrapment between the bumper pads and the crib or mattress, and strangulation by the ties. In addition, they found that the injuries that conceivably might be prevented by bumper pads in young infants are generally minor and nonlethal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they found that the injuries that conceivably might be prevented by bumper pads in young infants are generally minor and nonlethal. 44 Because of the potential risk of suffocation, strangulation, and entrapment with bumper pads and the lack of benefit, Thach concluded that bumper pads should not be used. However, it is important to acknowledge the concern of some parents that minor injuries that might be prevented by bumper pads may be misconstrued by vigilant child protection agencies as suggestive of child abuse or neglect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decisions of Black Parents About Infant Bedding and Sleep Surfaces: A Qualitative Study

et al. 2011

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OBJECTIVE: The goal of this qualitative study was to examine factors influencing decisions by black parents regarding use of soft bedding and sleep surfaces for their infants. METHODS: We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with black mothers of lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES). Mothers were asked about many infant care practices, including sleep surface and bedding. RESULTS: Eighty-three mothers were interviewed, 73 (47 lower and 26 higher SES) in focus groups and 10 (7 lower and 3 higher SES) in individual interviews. The primary reason for using soft surfaces was infant comfort. Parents perceived that infants were uncomfortable if the surface was not soft. Many parents also interpreted “firm sleep surface” to mean taut; they were comfortable with and believed that they were following recommendations for a firm sleep surface when they placed pillows/blankets on the mattress as long as a sheet was pulled tautly over the pillows/blankets. The primary reasons for using soft bedding (including bumper pads) were comfort, safety, and aesthetics. In addition to using bedding to soften sleep surfaces, bedding was used to prevent infant rollover and falls, particularly for infants sleeping on a bed or sofa. Some parents used soft bedding to create an attractive space for the infant. CONCLUSIONS: Many black parents believe that soft bedding will keep their infant safe and comfortable. There is much misunderstanding about the meaning of a “firm” sleep surface. Additional educational messages apparently are needed to change parental perceptions and practices.

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“…[5][6][7] The risk of SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths can be affected by an infant's sleep environment. Soft bedding, 8 sleeping somewhere other than in a crib (eg, on a sofa), 9 surface sharing (when an infant is sleeping on the same surface as another person), 10 and bumper pads 11 contribute to an unsafe sleep environment. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics released expanded recommendations for a safe sleep environment to reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sofas and Infant Mortality

2014

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Sleeping on a sofa increases the risk of sudden and unexpected infant death.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Infant deaths on sofas are associated with nonsupine placement, being found in side position, surface sharing, changing sleep location, and experiencing prenatal tobacco exposure. These results may help explain why sofa sleeping is hazardous for infants. abstract OBJECTIVE: Sleeping on sofas increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome and other sleep-related deaths. We sought to describe factors associated with infant deaths on sofas. METHODS:We analyzed data for infant deaths on sofas from 24 states in 2004 to 2012 in the National Center for the Review and Prevention of Child Deaths Case Reporting System database. Demographic and environmental data for deaths on sofas were compared with data for sleep-related infant deaths in other locations, using bivariate and multivariable, multinomial logistic regression analyses. RESULTS:A total of 1024 deaths on sofas made up 12.9% of sleeprelated infant deaths. They were more likely than deaths in other locations to be classified as accidental suffocation or strangulation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-2.3) or ill-defined cause of death (aOR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.5). Infants who died on sofas were less likely to be Hispanic (aOR 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9) compared with non-Hispanic white infants or to have objects in the environment (aOR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.7) and more likely to be sharing the surface with another person (aOR 2.4; 95% CI, 1.9-3.0), to be found on the side (aOR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4), to be found in a new sleep location (aOR 6.5; 95% CI, 5.2-8.2), and to have had prenatal smoke exposure (aOR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6). Data on recent parental alcohol and drug consumption were not available. CONCLUSIONS:The sofa is an extremely hazardous sleep surface for infants. Deaths on sofas are associated with surface sharing, being found on the side, changing sleep location, and experiencing prenatal tobacco exposure, which are all risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome and sleep-related deaths.

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Deaths and Injuries Attributed to Infant Crib Bumper Pads

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Injuries Associated With Cribs, Playpens, and Bassinets Among Young Children in the US, 1990–2008

Injuries Associated With Cribs, Playpens, and Bassinets Among Young Children in the US, 1990–2008

Decisions of Black Parents About Infant Bedding and Sleep Surfaces: A Qualitative Study

Sofas and Infant Mortality

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