Deaths and Injuries from House Fires

Istre, Gregory R.; McCoy, Mary A; Osborn, Linda; Barnard, Jeffrey J.; Bolton, Allen

doi:10.1056/nejm200106213442506

Cited by 171 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…From ages 3 to 5, children are better at escaping but are more likely to play with matches, lighters, or candles and start fires if left unsupervised. 5,13,14 Nationally, among children younger than age six who die in residential fires, one-third are due to children playing with matches or fire. 15 The following account documents the importance of adult supervision of small children at all times:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Other causes of fatal fires are careless smoking, arson, heating equipment, and cooking left unattended. 2,13,14,16,17 Nationally, residential fires usually start in the kitchen, with the bedroom the second most common site. 18 Fire-related deaths are lowest in the summer and highest during the winter, due to increased use of heating and ignition sources, 19 particularly portable space heaters and wood-burning stoves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fire fatalities among children: an analysis across Philadelphia's census tracts

Shai¹,

Lupinacci²

2003

Public Health Reports

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire fatalities among children: an analysis across Philadelphia's census tracts

Shai¹,

Lupinacci²

2003

Public Health Reports

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“…This work identifies heightened risk of death from accidental causes for young children and older persons (Istre et al 2001), and for men (Cubbin, LeClere and Smith 2000b;Steenland et al 2003). For race and ethnicity, blacks typically display higher rates of death via all injuries (Cubbin, LeClere and Smith 2000b;Steenland et al 2003) especially accidents involving fires (Istre et al 2001) and in occupation specific accidents (Loomis and Richardson 1998). Findings also indicate heightened risks in rural areas (Allareddy et al 2007;Paulozzi and Xi 2008) and in parts of the South and West (National Safety Council 2007).…”

Section: Ses Marital Status and Accidental Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age is included as a continuous variable and an age squared term captures increased risk for both the young and very old (Istre et al 2001). Gender is coded dichotomously with women as the referent.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social side of accidental death

Denney

2014

Social Science Research

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Mortality from unintentional injuries, or accidents, represents major and understudied causes of death in the United States. Epidemiological studies show social factors, such as socioeconomic and marital status, relate with accidental death. But social theories posit a central role for social statuses on mortality risk, stipulating greater relevance for causes of death that have been medically determined to be more preventable than others. These bodies of work are merged to examine deaths from unintentional injuries using 20 years of nationally representative survey data, linked to prospective mortality. Results indicate that socially disadvantaged persons were significantly more likely to die from the most preventable and equally likely to die from the least preventable accidental deaths over the follow-up, compared to their more advantaged counterparts. This study extends our knowledge of the social contributors to a leading cause of death that may have substantial implications on overall disparities in length of life.

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“…Approximately 6,000 people die in building fires each year, and recent evidence suggests that cyanide inhalation likely contributes to many of the immediate deaths [2,3]. Industrial exposure and intentional poisonings also occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Electrocardiographic ST Segment Elevation May Predict Hypotension in a Swine Model of Severe Cyanide Toxicity

et al. 2012

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Cyanide causes severe cardiac toxicity resulting in tachycardia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest; however, the clinical diagnosis can be difficult to make. A clinical finding that may precede or predict cyanide-induced hypotension may be a trigger to provide treatment earlier and improve outcomes in cyanide toxicity. Our primary objective was to determine if there is a clinically significant change in ST segment deviation measured on ECG during intravenous cyanide infusion that may predict cyanide-induced hypotension. As part of a larger study comparing antidotes for cyanide-induced shock, 30 swine were anesthetized and monitored and then intoxicated with a continuous cyanide infusion until severe hypotension (50 % of baseline mean arterial pressure) occurred. ECGs were obtained at baseline, every 5 min during infusion, and at the development of hypotension. Repeated measures of analysis of variance were used to determine significance. The mean weight for the 30 swine at baseline was 48 kg (range 45-52), pulse rate 86 beats/min (range 55-121), and systolic blood pressure 109 mmHg (range 90-121). The mean time to hypotension was 31 min (range 16-39). The mean amount of cyanide infused was 5 mg/kg (range 2.5-6.3 mg/kg). All animals (30/30) had ECG changes in repolarization or depolarization during cyanide infusion. Significant rhythm, repolarization, and conduction changes from baseline were observed prior to severe hypotension (p<0.05). Normal sinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia were the most common rhythms preceding hypotension. We observed ST segment elevation in leads V3, V4, III, and aVF and ST segment depression in leads aVL and aVR. The most pronounced ST segment elevation was observed in leads V3 and V4. We also detected significant changes with increased pulse rate, prolonged PR interval, and shortened QTc interval. Other significant changes were increased T axis and reduced QRS axis. We detected ST segment deviations occurring just before the onset of cyanide-induced hypotension in our swine model. Leads V3 and V4 had the most pronounced with ST elevation, but we also detected electrocardiographic ST elevation inferiorly. Shortening of the QTc and lengthening of the PR interval were also detected before hypotension.

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Deaths and Injuries from House Fires

Abstract: Rates of injuries related to house fires are highest in elderly, minority, and low-income populations and in houses without functioning smoke detectors. Efforts to prevent injuries and deaths from house fires should target these populations.

Cited by 171 publications

References 14 publications

Fire fatalities among children: an analysis across Philadelphia's census tracts

Fire fatalities among children: an analysis across Philadelphia's census tracts

The social side of accidental death

Acute Electrocardiographic ST Segment Elevation May Predict Hypotension in a Swine Model of Severe Cyanide Toxicity

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