Deaths Attributed to Kidney Failure in Communities With Endemic Urinary Schistosomiasis

Forsyth, D.M.; Bradley, David J.; McMahon, J.E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90095-4

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Occlusion of the ureters with hydroureter, hydronephrosis, and renal damage are thought to be the most common cause of S. haematobium-related mortality. 9,42 Our data and findings of other studies also confirm that presence of egg-positive infection at the time of follow-up means greater chances of finding persistent/recurrent abnormalities at the time of posttreatment examination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…6,7 In the most severe form of S. haematobium-related disease, bladder and ureteral dysfunction leads to ureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, renal impairment, and bladder cancer. [8][9][10] As schistosomiasis control programs based on mass drug treatment have aimed to reduce or prevent morbidity, 11 portable ultrasound examination emerged as a useful tool for diagnosing and monitoring schistosome-associated structural urinary tract disease. [12][13][14][15][16] Beginning in the 1990s, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines to standardize the use of ultrasonography for the assessment of schistosomiasis-related morbidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case–Control Study of Posttreatment Regression of Urinary Tract Morbidity Among Adults in Schistosoma haematobium–Endemic Communities in Kwale County, Kenya

Magak

Chang-Cojulun

Kadzo

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Previous population-based studies have examined treatment impact on Schistosoma-associated urinary tract disease among children, but much less is known about longer-term treatment benefits for affected adult populations in areas where risk of recurrent infection is high. In communities in Msambweni, along the Kenya coast, we identified, using a portable ultrasound, 77 adults (aged 17-85) with moderate-to-severe obstructive uropathy or bladder disease due to Schistosoma haematobium. Treatment response was assessed by repeat ultrasound 1-2 years after praziquantel (PZQ) therapy and compared with interval changes among age-and sex-matched infected/treated control subjects who did not have urinary tract abnormalities at the time of initial examination. Of the 77 affected adults, 62 (81%) had improvement in bladder and/or kidney scores after treatment, 14 (18%) had no change, and one (1.3%) had progression of disease. Of the 77 controls, 75 (97%) remained disease free by ultrasound, while two (3%) had apparent progression with abnormal findings on follow-up examination. We conclude that PZQ therapy for S. haematobium is effective in significantly reducing urinary tract morbidity from urogenital schistosomiasis among adult age groups, and affected adults stand to benefit from inclusion in mass treatment campaigns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case–Control Study of Posttreatment Regression of Urinary Tract Morbidity Among Adults in Schistosoma haematobium–Endemic Communities in Kwale County, Kenya

Magak

Chang-Cojulun

Kadzo

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Involvement of the bladder and lower ureters with the deposition of ova may give rise to gross changes with calcifi cation, fibrosis and consequent hydroneph rosis, chronic pyelonephritis and renal atro phy. The natural history of schistosomal renal disease in populations in which there is a high prevalence of the disease in childhood is un certain and prognosis is variable [5]. A notable feature of chronic renal failure in adolescents and adults with long-standing hypertension but without hydronephrosis is the presence of ova of S.haematobium in the urine or in bladder imprints at necropsy [4], This association is more than can be accounted for by chance, but its implication is at present obscure.…”

Section: Renal Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nephrology in the Tropical Setting

Oo¹

1978

Nephron

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The pattern of renal disease and its basic principles of management are essentially the same in the tropics as in the temperate environment. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis with concomitant hypertension account for most cases of renal failure. Malaria is now well recognised as a cause of the nephrotic syndrome. Economic and manpower factors dictate a conservative approach to therapy. Maintenance haemodialysis and renal transplantation are not realistic in the present context, having regard to the order of priorities in health care delivery.

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“…Proteinuria, dysuria and especially haematuria are among the morbidities. High mortality rate can occur as a result of complications arising from granulomatous inflammation, ulceration, and depletion of the vesical and ureteral walls [7], renal insufficiency and failure [8]. In various com-munities, the persistence of this disease is mainly due to some prevailing factors such as lack of potable water supply, poverty, ignorance and then poor environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Schistosomiasis in Children—Still a Concern in Part of the Ghanaian Capital City

Tetteh-Quarcoo¹,

Attah²,

Donkor³

et al. 2013

OJMM

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease of the tropics which is estimated to affect up to 300 million people worldwide. While it is being successfully controlled in many countries, it remains a major public health problem, especially in developing countries including Ghana. Extensive work on schistosomiasis has been undertaken along the Volta River basin, leaving very little data and information on this infection in the urban and peri-urban areas in Ghana. This study was aimed at determining the urinary schistosomiasis burden among children of school going age within Zenu, a suburb of the capital city. Urine samples were taken from 274 school children within the Zenu community and examined with urine chemistry dipsticks for detection and confirmation of haematuria, followed by microscopy for detection of Schistosoma haematobium ova. Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 30.7% (95% CI: 25.2 -36.2). 44 (52%) of the positive samples were collected from males whiles 40 (48%) were collected from females, but prevalence of the infection was not significantly associated with gender (χ 2 = 0.041, DF = 1, P-Value = 0.839). Among the S. haematobium positive children, haematuria was detected by the dipstick in 88.1% (74/84, 95% CI: 81.2 -95.0), but it was not detected in 11.9% (10/84, 95% CI: 5.0 -18.8). Meanwhile, the dipstick detected haematuria in 7.3% (20/274, of the total population but microscopy could not detect the presence of Schistosoma ova in those children. An association was found between Schistosoma infection and haematuria detected by dipstick (χ 2 = 84.715, DF = 1, P-Value < 0.001). It could be noted that urinary schistosomiasis in children is still a concern in parts of the Ghanaian capital city.

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Deaths Attributed to Kidney Failure in Communities With Endemic Urinary Schistosomiasis

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Case–Control Study of Posttreatment Regression of Urinary Tract Morbidity Among Adults in Schistosoma haematobium–Endemic Communities in Kwale County, Kenya

Case–Control Study of Posttreatment Regression of Urinary Tract Morbidity Among Adults in Schistosoma haematobium–Endemic Communities in Kwale County, Kenya

Nephrology in the Tropical Setting

Urinary Schistosomiasis in Children—Still a Concern in Part of the Ghanaian Capital City

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