Debris-flow simulations on Cheekye River, British Columbia

Jakob, Matthias; McDougall, Scott; Weatherly, Hamish; Ripley, Neil

doi:10.1007/s10346-012-0365-1

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It can involve both the forensic-style backanalysis (simulation) of previous events and the forward-analysis (prediction or forecasting) of potential future events. Runout prediction is often required in the context of a landslide hazard or risk assessment (e.g., Willenberg et al 2009;Froese et al 2012;Jakob et al 2013;Loew et al 2016), in which case it is desirable to be able to assign conditional probabilities to a range of potential mobility outcomes. Figure 2 illustrates the concept of probabilistic runout mapping in the context of Turtle Mountain in southwestern Alberta, site of the 1903 Frank Slide (McConnell and Brock 1904).…”

Section: Landslide Runout Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

2014 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Landslide runout analysis — current practice and challenges

McDougall

2017

Can. Geotech. J.

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190

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Flow-like landslides, such as debris flows and rock avalanches, travel at extremely rapid velocities and can impact large areas far from their source. When hazards like these are identified, runout analyses are often needed to delineate potential inundation areas, estimate risks, and design mitigation structures. A variety of tools and methods have been developed for these purposes, ranging from simple empirical-statistical correlations to advanced three-dimensional computer models. This paper provides an overview of the tools and methods that are currently available and discusses some of the main challenges that are currently being addressed by researchers, including the need for better guidance in the selection of model input parameter values, the challenge of translating model results into vulnerability estimates, the problem with too much initial spreading in the simulation of certain types of landslides, the challenge of accounting for sudden channel obstructions in the simulation of debris flows, and the sensitivity of models to topographic resolution and filtering methods.Key words: landslides, runout analysis, modelling, risk assessment.Résumé : Les coulées, comme les glissements de terrain tels que les coulées de débris et des avalanches de roches se déplacent à des vitesses extrêmement rapides et peuvent avoir un impact sur de grandes zones, loin de leur source. Lorsque ces risques sont identifiés, les analyses du battement sont souvent nécessaires pour délimiter les zones inondables, estimer les risques et concevoir des structures d'atténuation. Une variété d'outils et de méthodes ont été élaborés pour ces fins, allant de simples corrélations empiriques-statistiques avancées de modèles informatiques en trois dimensions. Cet article donne un aperçu des outils et des méthodes qui sont actuellement disponibles et examine certains des principaux défis qui sont actuellement traités par les chercheurs, y compris le besoin d'une meilleure orientation pour la sélection des valeurs des paramètres d'entrée du modèle, le défi de traduire les résultats des modèles en estimations de vulnérabilité, le problème de la trop grande dispersion initiale dans la simulation de certains types de glissements de terrain, le défi de comptabilité pour les obstacles soudains de canal dans la simulation des écoulements de débris, et la sensibilité des modèles à la résolution topographique et les méthodes de filtrage. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Landslide Runout Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

2014 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Landslide runout analysis — current practice and challenges

McDougall

2017

Can. Geotech. J.

Self Cite

190

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“…Numerical modeling of debris avalanches takes into account only dry granular material (Pudasaini and Hutter, 2003;Zahibo et al, 2010), and the models typically are single phase (Takahashi, 2007;Pudasaini, 2011). Only simplified, two-phase models traditionally are used for debris flows (Iverson, 1997;Pudasaini et al, 2005;Jakob et al, 2013). Recently, Pudasaini (2012) and Pudasaini and Krautblatter (2014) have proposed a more complete two-phase model for debris flows and debris avalanches that simulates the separation of a fluid front, drier core, and fluid tail.…”

Section: Hazard Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanic and non-volcanic debris avalanches are complex mass movements in which multiple rheologies can coexist (Iverson et al, 2015;Coe et al, 2016), affecting overall behavior and runout. An understanding of these processes is vital for appropriate modeling, hazard and risk evaluation, and possible mitigation strategies (Kelfoun, 2011;Jakob et al, 2013;Iverson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological evolution of the Mount Meager 2010 debris avalanche, southwestern British Columbia

et al. 2017

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On 6 August 2010, a large (~50 Mm 3) debris avalanche occurred on the flank of Mount Meager in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Can ada. We studied the deposits to infer the morphodynamics of the landslide from initiation to emplacement. Structure from motion (SfM) photogram metry, based on oblique photos taken with a standard SLR camera during a low heli copter traverse, was used to create highresolution orthophotos and base maps. Interpretation of the images and maps allowed us to recognize two main rheological phases in the debris avalanche. Just below the source area, in the valley of Capricorn Creek, the landslide separated into two phases, one waterrich and more mobile, and the other waterpoor and less mobile. The waterrich phase spread quickly, achieved high superelevation on the val ley sides, and left distal scattered deposits. The main waterpoor phase moved more slowly, did not superelevate, and formed a thick continuous deposit (up to ~30 m) on the valley floor. The waterpoor flow deposit has structural fea tures such as hummocks, brittleductile faults, and shear zones. Our study, based on a freshly emplaced deposit, advances understanding of large mass movements by showing that a single landslide can develop multiple rheol ogy phases with different behaviors. Rheological evolution and separation of phases should always be taken into account to provide better risk assessment scenarios.

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“…Nicholas & Quine, ; Begueria et al ., ). In this context, sedimentological studies of fan architecture are necessary to provide input data, for example, of temporal trends as well as to validate these models (Scheidl & Rickenmann, ; Jakob et al ., ). Furthermore, the ratio between mass‐flow and stream‐flow depositional processes is a sensitive proxy for climatic fluctuations, channel‐hillslope connectivity and/or tectonic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A combined study of radar facies, lithofacies and three‐dimensional architecture of an alpine alluvial fan (Illgraben fan, Switzerland)

2014

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Alluvial fans serve as useful archives that record the history of depositional and erosional processes in mountainous regions and thus can reveal the environmental controls that influenced their development. Economically, they play an important role as groundwater reservoirs as well as host rocks for hydrocarbons in deeply buried systems. The interpretation of these archives and the evaluation of their reservoir architecture, however, are problematic because marked heterogeneity in the distribution of sedimentary facies makes correlation difficult. This problem is compounded because the accumulated sedimentary deposits of modern unconsolidated fan systems tend to be poorly exposed and few such systems have been the focus of investigation using high-resolution subsurface analytical techniques. To overcome this limitation of standard outcrop-analogue studies, a geophysical survey of an alpine alluvial fan was performed using ground-penetrating radar to devise a scaled three-dimensional subsurface model. Radar facies were classified and calibrated to lithofacies within a fan system that provided outcropping walls and these were used to derive a three-dimensional model of the sedimentary architecture and identify evolutionary fan stages. The Illgraben fan in the Swiss Alps was selected as a case study and a network of ca 60 km sections of ground-penetrating radar was surveyed. Seven radar facies types could be distinguished, which were grouped into debris-flow deposits and stream-flow deposits. Assemblages of these radar facies types show three depositional units, which are separated by continuous, fan-wide reflectors; they were interpreted as palaeo-surfaces corresponding to episodes of sediment starvation that affected the entire fan. An overall upward decline in the proportion of debris-flow deposits from ca 50% to 15% and a corresponding increase in stream-flow deposits were identified. The uppermost depositional unit is bounded at its base by a significant incision surface up to 700 m wide, which was subsequently filled up mostly by stream-flow deposits. The pronounced palaeo-surfaces and depositional trends suggest that allocyclic controls governed the evolution of the Illgraben fan, making this fan a valuable archive from which to reconstruct past sediment fluxes and environmental change in the Alps. The results of the integrated outcrop-geophysical approach encourage similar future studies on fans to retrieve their depositional history as well as their potential reservoir properties.

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Debris-flow simulations on Cheekye River, British Columbia

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

2014 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Landslide runout analysis — current practice and challenges

2014 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Landslide runout analysis — current practice and challenges

Rheological evolution of the Mount Meager 2010 debris avalanche, southwestern British Columbia

A combined study of radar facies, lithofacies and three‐dimensional architecture of an alpine alluvial fan (Illgraben fan, Switzerland)

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