With the rapid development of modern credit economy, debt management has become an important financing method and development strategy for modern enterprises. Reasonable application of debt management and full use of financial leverage will bring more benefits to enterprises. However, debt management also has potential risks, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Insufficient debt solvency can easily lead to serious consequences such as broken capital chain. This paper combines the big data analysis method to mine financial data, analyzes the relevant indicators of solvency, sorts out the problems existing in the solvency analysis of SMEs, and puts forward specific strategies to improve the solvency of SMEs, in order to help SMEs develop healthily, continuously and healthily under the background of big data.