The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
Policy Research Working Paper 9929Countries with high debt exposure are vulnerable to economic and financial shocks that could lead to sovereign defaults. This paper develops a methodology to identify countries that are at risk of debt default based on four elements of debt vulnerability. These elements capture the different ways in which risks associated with high debt are assessed, namely: (i) the fundamental, (ii) the subjective, (iii) the judgmental, and (iv) the theoretical. The fundamental element considers the liquidity, solvency, and institutional risk elements of debt vulnerability. The subjective element captures the investors' perceptions of debt default, while the judgmental element is based on the debt thresholds as defined by Debt Sustainability Frameworks. Finally, the theoretical element is normative and captures what ought to be. The methodology constructs an index for each of these four elements and uses them as predictors in a model of public debt default. The methodology flags countries that are at risk of default by means of machine learning techniques and delivers outputs that point to underlying causes of vulnerability. The methodology complements existing monitoring tools for assessing debt sustainability. This paper is a product of the Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp.