Debunking False Information: Investigating Journalists’ Fact-Checking Skills

Himma-Kadakas, Marju; Ojamets, Indrek

doi:10.1080/21670811.2022.2043173

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Wu et al (2022) indicated that time pressure reduced a preference for uncertain options. Himma-Kadakas and Ojamets (2022) also noted that online journalists working under time pressure tended to share information with colleagues for collective evaluation when they doubted its accuracy, rather than relying solely on their own judgment, to avoid making mistakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Time Pressure, Reward, and Information Involvement on User Management of Fake News on a Social Media Platform

Wang

Rong

2023

Percept Mot Skills

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This study examined the effects of time pressure, reward, and information involvement on individual fact-checking behavior within a social media platform. We used a four-factor mixed-design experiment to examine fact-checking performances of 144 participants for 36 ambiguous social platform statements, all of which were news statements of social events or of common-sense knowledge collected from the internet and selected through pre-test screening. We measured the participants’ total number of fact-checked statements and their judgment accuracy of those statements. We also measured participants’ decision time for making judgments, and their judgment confidence levels. Participants’ social presence, time pressure, and information involvement were significantly related to the number of statements they fact-checked. Their perceived social presence on a social media platform reduced their fact-checking. Time pressure increased the frequency of fact-checking and weakened the impact of social presence. Participants were less likely to fact-check statements when they had high involvement with the information, due to overconfidence. Statements with high information involvement had longer decision-making times. These findings provide a basis for designing ways to display and push information to increase an individual’s awareness of a need to fact-check ambiguous information in a new social media environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Time Pressure, Reward, and Information Involvement on User Management of Fake News on a Social Media Platform

Wang

Rong

2023

Percept Mot Skills

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“…Deepfakes are increasingly turning into a nightmare for journalists who are beginning to consider ways to stop their spread (Templeton-Knight, 2021). In this regard, Himma-Kadakas and Ojamets (2022), through semi-structured interviews with a group of journalists in Estonia, contend that deepfakes are among the most challenging media when it comes to detecting them. Sabrina (2022), through interviews with university students in South Korea, highlights concerns about the erosion of public trust and accompanying fears, as well as the alleviation of certain issues due to the emergence of deepfake detecting technologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2020), while it may also be disseminated for recreational or entertaining purposes (Bode, 2021; de Seta, 2021). In this regard, journalists' fact-checking abilities are of the utmost significance, and this group risks disseminating deepfaked content due to time restrictions and a sense of competition with other broadcaster units (Himma-Kadakas and Ojamets, 2022).…”

Section: Conceptual Framework Of Deepfake Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, journalists across platforms are exposed to information from numerous groups and readers seeking to advance their agendas and the prevailing information disorder leads them to develop a deep sense of distrust towards information originating from the public such as activists, ordinary citizens, or public relations agents (Himma-Kadakas and Ojamets, 2022). The limited skills of journalists in recognizing digitally manipulated footage such as deepfakes serve as a warning of the risks they are exposed to due to low visual verification skills (Himma-Kadakas and Ojamets, 2022). As a result, journalist organizations are witnessing a decline in the public's trust in journalism (Himma-Kadakas and Ojamets, 2022), making it challenging for them to regain their lost credibility.…”

Section: Conceptual Framework Of Deepfake Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited skills of journalists in recognizing digitally manipulated footage such as deepfakes serve as a warning of the risks they are exposed to due to low visual verification skills (Himma-Kadakas and Ojamets, 2022). As a result, journalist organizations are witnessing a decline in the public's trust in journalism (Himma-Kadakas and Ojamets, 2022), making it challenging for them to regain their lost credibility.…”

Section: Conceptual Framework Of Deepfake Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Engaging with deepfakes: a meta-synthesis from the perspective of social shaping of technology theory

Vasist

Krishnan²

2022

INTR

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PurposeThis study aims to establish a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of how individuals engage with deepfakes, focusing on limiting adverse effects and capitalizing on their benefits.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on deepfakes, incorporating study-specific analysis followed by a cross-study synthesis.FindingsBased on the meta-synthesis, the study developed an integrated conceptual framework based on the perspectives from the social shaping of technology theory embedding deepfake-related assertions, motivations, the subtleties of digital platforms, and deepfake-related repercussions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study offers crucial insights into the evolving nature of deepfakes as a socio-technical phenomenon and the significance of platform dynamics in deepfake production. It enables researchers to comprehend the cascading effects of deepfakes and positions them to evaluate deepfake-related risks and associated mitigation mechanisms.Practical implicationsThe framework that emerges from the study illustrates the influence of platforms on the evolution of deepfakes and assists platform stakeholders in introducing effective platform governance structures to combat the relentless proliferation of deepfakes and their consequences, as well as providing guidance for governments and policymakers to collaborate with platform leaders to set guardrails for deepfake engagement.Originality/valueDeepfakes have been extensively contested for both their beneficial and negative applications and have been accused of heralding an imminent epistemic threat that has been downplayed by some quarters. This diversity of viewpoints necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. In responding to this call, this is one of the first to establish a comprehensive, theoretically informed perspective on how individuals produce, process, and engage with deepfakes through a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature on deepfakes.

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Debunking war information disorder: A case study in assessing the use of multimedia verification tools

Khan,

Dierickx,

Furuly

et al. 2024

Asso for Info Science & Tech

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This paper investigates the use of multimedia verification, in particular, computational tools and Open‐source Intelligence (OSINT) methods, for verifying online multimedia content in the context of the ongoing wars in Ukraine and Gaza. Our study examines the workflows and tools used by several fact‐checkers and journalists working at Faktisk, a Norwegian fact‐checking organization. Our study showcases the effectiveness of diverse resources, including AI tools, geolocation tools, internet archives, and social media monitoring platforms, in enabling journalists and fact‐checkers to efficiently process and corroborate evidence, ensuring the dissemination of accurate information. This research provides an in‐depth analysis of the role of computational tools and OSINT methods for multimedia verification. It also underscores the potentials of currently available technology, and highlights its limitations while providing guidance for future development of digital multimedia verification tools and frameworks.

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Debunking False Information: Investigating Journalists’ Fact-Checking Skills

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Time Pressure, Reward, and Information Involvement on User Management of Fake News on a Social Media Platform

Effects of Time Pressure, Reward, and Information Involvement on User Management of Fake News on a Social Media Platform

Engaging with deepfakes: a meta-synthesis from the perspective of social shaping of technology theory

Debunking war information disorder: A case study in assessing the use of multimedia verification tools

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