One-step synthesis of methylmethacrylate (MMA) using heteropoly compounds (HPCs) as catalysts was demonstrated by feeding a mixture of methacrolein (MAL), air, water, nitrogen and MeOH (methanol). The HPCs with different counter-ions, such as H 1.7 Cs 1.5 Cu 0.25 As 0.1 PMo 11 VO 40 (CsPMo 11 VO 40 ), H 1.7 La 0.7 Cu 0.25 As 0.1 PMo 11 VO 40 (LaPMo 11 VO 40 ) and H 1.7 K 1.5 Cu 0.25 As 0.1 PMo 11 VO 40 (KPMo 11 VO 40 ), were studied in oxidation of MAL, esterification of methacrylic acid (MAA) and one-step synthesis of MMA from MAL, respectively. The selectivity of MAA was up to 45.7% and MMA was 44.6% with 93.3% MAL conversion over CsPMo 11 VO 40 .