Decarbonizing the iron and steel industry: A systematic review of sociotechnical systems, technological innovations, and policy options

Kim, Jin-Soo; Sovacool, Benjamin K.; Bazilian, Morgan; Griffiths, Steve; Lee, Jung Hwan; Yang, Minyoung; Lee, Jordy

doi:10.1016/j.erss.2022.102565

Cited by 163 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Iron and steel production due to its economic potential and importance for the economy, the steel industry is one of the strategic industries [48]. Iron and steel production is considered a key indicator of domestic prosperity [49] and plays a leading role in the global market economy [50].…”

Section: Biochars In Iron and Steel Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actual Trends in the Usability of Biochar as a High-Value Product of Biomass Obtained through Pyrolysis

Sajdak

Muzyka

Gałko³

et al. 2022

Energies

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This review comprehensively examines biochar, an essential material in an era of climate change for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere. It is inconspicuous, black, lightweight, and very porous, and is produced through the thermal conversion of biomass. Our literature review highlights biochar’s expansive application possibilities. Firstly, its potential to improve soil quality and sequester CO2 has been examined, as well as its utilization in iron and steel manufacturing to minimize the quantity of coke and ultimately reduce CO2 emissions. In industrial manufacturing, the complete elimination of coke can promote environmental neutrality, which is achieved using biochar from biomass for its extrusion. Furthermore, biochar is becoming increasingly significant in modern energy storage technologies and as an important additive in Pickering emulsions, which are also employed in energy storage systems. Additionally, the use of carbon black is a broad topic, and this review illustrates where it can be successfully utilized, especially in environmentally sensitive areas.

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Section: Biochars In Iron and Steel Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actual Trends in the Usability of Biochar as a High-Value Product of Biomass Obtained through Pyrolysis

Sajdak

Muzyka

Gałko³

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…A large part of carbon dioxide emissions comes from steel and iron production (see Figure 5). However, these industries are looking to make these processes more environmentally friendly by establishing new technologies (Kim et al, 2022). The use of hydrogen as the iron ore reducing agent is one of the prominent techniques in direct reduction plants (Heidari et al, 2021).…”

Section: Production Of Green Steel and Green Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the socio-economic impacts of the green hydrogen value chain in Southern Africa

Hamukoshi

Mama

Shimanda

et al. 2022

J. energy South. Afr.

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The green hydrogen economy offers synthetic green energy with significant impacts and is environmentally friendly compared to current fossil-based fuels. Exploration of green hydrogen energy in Southern Africa is still in the initial stages in many low-resourced settings aiming to benefit from sustainable green energy. At this early stage, potential benefits to society are yet to be understood. That is why the socio-economic impact of green hydrogen energy must be explored. This paper reviews the current literatures to describe the potential socio-economic effects in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The review supports the view that green hydrogen will be beneficial and have great potential to revolutionise agricultural and industrial sectors, with advanced sustainable changes for both production and processing. This paper also examines how sustainable green hydrogen energy production in Southern Africa will provide economic value in the energy export sector around the world and support climate change initiatives. Further, it discusses the impacts of the green hydrogen value addition chain and the creation of green jobs, as well as the need for corresponding investments and policy reforms. It is also noted that the green hydrogen economy can contribute to job losses in fossil fuel-based industries, so that the workforce there may need re-skilling to take up green jobs. Such exchanges may deter efforts towards poverty alleviation and economic growth in SADC.

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“…Both databases and input data are handled by adopting MARIO. All the shocks model the complete substitution of the integrated cycles present in Italy, with a specific output of 4,207 Mton of crude steel [8], with hydrogen-based DRI with EAF. Assuming the absence of economies of scale, the investment costs would be divided as follows.…”

Section: Shock Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the same steel makers have set green initiatives, a possible production option can be represented by the Direct Reduction Iron (DRI) technology, which uses either natural gas or hydrogen as heat source and reducing agent but needs to be coupled with an EAF system [5]. Drawing from all the different possibilities and recent studies on nexus assessment of the iron and steel industry, resumed clearly by Muslemani et al [6], Devlin and Yang [7] and Kim et al [8], the purpose of this research is to evaluate the benefits associated with the substitution of the integrated cycle with hydrogen-based DRI technology, which seems one of the most promising, in terms of economic and environmental performance, and how this change is affected by the increase of renewable sources (RES) penetration in the national electricity mix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the economic and environmental impacts of a technological shift towards hydrogen-based solutions for steel manufacture in high-renewable electricity mix scenarios for Italy

Conte

Rinaldi

Tonini

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Steel production is one of the most carbon-intensive industrial sectors, responsible for 8% of European CO2 emissions. While traditional furnaces strongly rely on the consumption of coal or natural gas, potential opportunities for decarbonization stand in the adoption of alternative technologies such as hydrogen-based Direct Reduction Iron (DRI) coupled with Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF). This work focuses on the Italian steel sector and aims at assessing the potential economic and environmental impact of a switch towards such hydrogen-based technology. Three scenarios have been analyzed, all of which are grounded on the common assumption that hydrogen is produced by employing electrolyzers purchasing electricity from the grid. In the first scenario, the share of electricity production from renewable sources (RES) in the national electricity mix coincides with the one in the current Italian situation. The second scenario reflects the national target of 55% of electricity generated by low-carbon technologies. In the last scenario, the RES share in the electricity mix is 100%, meaning steel production plants are fully supplied with green hydrogen. The analysis is carried out by adopting a multi-regional input-output model for sectorial LCA, which allows to highlight the interlinkages of the steel industry with other sectors in different regional areas. The results show that a switch to DRI with EAF technology, coupled with the increase of RES penetration, allows to reduce the CO2 emissions of the Italian steel sector up to 14%, leading to an increase in employment of about 12 thousand units. It is also worth noting that a larger penetration of electricity produced from RES, which are mostly local, would be a significant improvement in terms of energy security of the steel sector, lowering its dependence on foreign fossil resources.

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Decarbonizing the iron and steel industry: A systematic review of sociotechnical systems, technological innovations, and policy options

Cited by 163 publications

References 149 publications

Actual Trends in the Usability of Biochar as a High-Value Product of Biomass Obtained through Pyrolysis

Actual Trends in the Usability of Biochar as a High-Value Product of Biomass Obtained through Pyrolysis

An overview of the socio-economic impacts of the green hydrogen value chain in Southern Africa

Investigating the economic and environmental impacts of a technological shift towards hydrogen-based solutions for steel manufacture in high-renewable electricity mix scenarios for Italy

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