Deceleration of supersonic beams using inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields

Hogan, S. D.; Motsch, Michael; Merkt, Frédéric

doi:10.1039/c1cp21733j

Cited by 71 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Two widely used methods employ the helium buffer gas cooling 34,35 and Stark or magnetic (Zeeman) deceleration techniques. 7,13,17 These methods have been extensively discussed in recent review articles by Meerakker et al 17 and Hutzler et al 35 In the buffer gas cooling method, molecules are thermalized by elastic collisions with cold 3 He atoms while in the Stark or Zeeman deceleration techniques, a time-varying electric or magnetic field is carefully applied to reduce the translational kinetic energy of the molecules. In the latter methods, cooling occurs only in the expanding gas, while the electric or magnetic fields essentially select a packet of molecules and change its laboratory frame velocity without affecting the phase space density and temperature.…”

Section: A Methods For Creation Of Cold and Ultracold Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these methods cannot reach the sub-kelvin temperatures needed for cold and ultracold collisions. Photoassociation, [26][27][28] Feshbach resonance, [88][89][90][91][92][93][94] Stark and magnetic deceleration, 7,13,17 cryogenic helium buffer gas cooling, 34,35 and merged beam techniques [52][53][54][55][56][57] continue to be the preferred methods to produce cold and ultracold molecules and explore their properties. Thus far, only laser cooling, photoassociation, and magnetic Feshbach resonance techniques were able to create ultracold molecules.…”

Section: Experimental Studies Of Cold and Ultracold Reactions Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many excellent review articles have appeared in recent years. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] For a broader perspective, the interested reader is directed to Ref. 6 and the book on Cold Molecules edited by Krems, Stwalley, and Friedrich.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspective: Ultracold molecules and the dawn of cold controlled chemistry

Balakrishnan

2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

291

271

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Ultracold molecules offer unprecedented opportunities for the controlled interrogation of molecular events, including chemical reactivity in the ultimate quantum regime. The proliferation of methods to create, cool, and confine them has allowed the investigation of a diverse array of molecular systems and chemical reactions at temperatures where only a single partial wave contributes. Here we present a brief account of recent progress on the experimental and theoretical fronts on cold and ultracold molecules and the opportunities and challenges they provide for a fundamental understanding of bimolecular chemical reaction dynamics. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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Section: A Methods For Creation Of Cold and Ultracold Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Studies Of Cold and Ultracold Reactions Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspective: Ultracold molecules and the dawn of cold controlled chemistry

Balakrishnan

2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

291

271

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“…[1][2][3][4]). The great control that can be exerted over cold molecules allows the study and manipulation of collisions and chemical reactions [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deceleration and trapping of ammonia molecules in a traveling-wave decelerator

et al. 2013

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We have recently demonstrated static trapping of ammonia isotopologues in a decelerator that consists of a series of ring-shaped electrodes to which oscillating high voltages are applied [Quintero-Pérez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 133003 (2013)]. In this paper we provide further details about this traveling-wave decelerator and present new experimental data that illustrate the control over molecules that it offers. We analyze the performance of our setup under different deceleration conditions and demonstrate phase-space manipulation of the trapped molecular sample.

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“…In particular, Stark and Zeeman decelerators have been developed to control the motion of molecules that possess an electric and magnetic dipole moment using time-varying electric and magnetic fields, respectively. Since the first experimental demonstration of Stark deceleration in 1998 [1], several decelerators ranging in size and complexity have been constructed [2][3][4]. Applications of these controlled molecular beams are found in high-resolution spectroscopy, the trapping of molecules at low temperature, and advanced scattering experiments that exploit the unprecedented state-purity and/or velocity control of the packets of molecules emerging from the decelerator [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistage Zeeman decelerator for molecular-scattering studies

Cremers¹,

Chefdeville²,

Janssen³

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. A

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We present a concept for a multistage Zeeman decelerator that is optimized particularly for applications in molecular beam scattering experiments. The decelerator consists of a series of alternating hexapoles and solenoids, that effectively decouple the transverse focusing and longitudinal deceleration properties of the decelerator. It can be operated in a deceleration and acceleration mode, as well as in a hybrid mode that makes it possible to guide a particle beam through the decelerator at constant speed. The deceleration features phase stability, with a relatively large six-dimensional phase-space acceptance. The separated focusing and deceleration elements result in an unequal partitioning of this acceptance between the longitudinal and transverse directions. This is ideal in scattering experiments, which typically benefit from a large longitudinal acceptance combined with narrow transverse distributions. We demonstrate the successful experimental implementation of this concept using a Zeeman decelerator consisting of an array of 25 hexapoles and 24 solenoids. The performance of the decelerator in acceleration, deceleration, and guiding modes is characterized using beams of metastable helium ( 3 S) atoms. Up to 60% of the kinetic energy was removed for He atoms that have an initial velocity of 520 m/s. The hexapoles consist of permanent magnets, whereas the solenoids are produced from a single hollow copper capillary through which cooling liquid is passed. The solenoid design allows for excellent thermal properties and enables the use of readily available and cheap electronics components to pulse high currents through the solenoids. The Zeeman decelerator demonstrated here is mechanically easy to build, can be operated with cost-effective electronics, and can run at repetition rates up to 10 Hz.

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Deceleration of supersonic beams using inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields

Cited by 71 publications

References 166 publications

Perspective: Ultracold molecules and the dawn of cold controlled chemistry

Perspective: Ultracold molecules and the dawn of cold controlled chemistry

Deceleration and trapping of ammonia molecules in a traveling-wave decelerator

Multistage Zeeman decelerator for molecular-scattering studies

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