Decellularization method influences early remodeling of an allogenic tissue scaffold

Abstract

Extracellular matrix-based biomaterials are currently pursued as an alternative to autologous transplants for the treatment of gingival recession and periodontal disease. These grafts offer improved tissue regeneration without the need for a second operative procedure used in current treatments to remove nonresorbable synthetic biomaterials. However, while decellularization is necessary to minimize the potential immunological impact, it can significantly modify the materials architectural and biochemical properties. By understanding cellular responses, it is possible to more specifically target varying clinical situations. These investigations assess a novel allogenic scaffold derived from the human umbilical vein and determine the effects of two decellularization approaches (osmotic lysis and the surfactant Triton X-100) on the biological and mechanical properties during early remodeling events. Results show Triton X-100 to be significantly more effective at extracting lipids, while the extraction of the scaffolds bulk protein, GAG and DNA similar between the two treatments. Once seeded, scaffolds prepared with osmotic lysis displayed increased cellular proliferation and reduced metabolic activity compared to scaffolds treated with surfactant. Biomechanical properties were largely preserved and similar between the two treatments. These results suggest that by optimizing scaffold processing conditions, biological events associated with remodeling can be modulated to tailor scaffold function for specific clinical applications.

Pressure Shift Freezing as Potential Alternative for Generation of Decellularized Scaffolds

“…Many techniques for tissue decellularization have been reported [6–11]. The optimal decellularization protocol should result in a strongly reduced/absent antigenicity by removing the cellular components of the donor while preserving the extracellular matrix, and therefore the physiological biomechanical strength.…”

Laser micro‐ablation of fibrocartilage tissue: Effects of tissue processing on porosity modification and mechanics

“…This has been a successful strategy with a variety of tissues 6–10 , and has more recently been applied to articular and fibrocartilages 11–15 . In addition to immune acceptance, it is important that the processing method minimizes ECM disruption in order to maintain the tissues original mechanical properties such that it can withstand mechanical loading, particularly during early remodeling 16,17 .…”

Structural integrity, immunogenicity and biomechanical evaluation of rabbit decelluarized tracheal matrix

“…The method used to decellularize tissues is crucial, as most of the cells must be removed to avoid an immune response postimplantation. However, the structural components and ultrastructure of the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) tissue must be preserved to provide a scaffold with good biomechanical characteristic and to foster efficient reseeding . Tissues may respond variably to processing because of differences in ECM structure, which can make it difficult to expose cells and remove the cellular material with minimal tissue disruption.…”

“…However, the structural components and ultrastructure of the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) tissue must be preserved to provide a scaffold with good biomechanical characteristic and to foster efficient reseeding. 6 Tissues may respond variably to processing because of differences in ECM structure, which can make it difficult to expose cells and remove the cellular material with minimal tissue disruption. Currently, the clinically acceptable method for engineering a tracheal graft is detergent-enzymatic method (DEM) based on the use of deoxycholate and DNase.…”