Decellularized pulp matrix as scaffold for mesenchymal stem cell mediated bone regeneration

Abstract

Scaffolds that are used for bone repair should provide an adequate environment for biomineralization by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recently, decellularized pulp matrices (DPM) have been utilized in endodontics for their high regenerative potential. Inspired by the dystrophic calcification on the pulp matrix known as pulp stone, we developed acellular pulp bioscaffolds and examined their potential in facilitating MSCs mineralization for bone defect repair. Pulp was decellularized, then retention of its structural integrity was confirmed by histological, mechanical, and biochemical evaluations. MSCs were seeded and proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, and biomineralization were assessed to verify DPM’s osteogenic effects in vitro. MicroCT, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and histological analyses were used to confirm that DPM seeded with MSCs result in greater mineralization on rat critical-sized defects than that without MSCs. Overall, our study proves DPM’s potential to serve as a scaffolding material for MSC-mediated bone regeneration for future craniofacial bone tissue engineering.

Future of Decellularized Dental Pulp Matrix in Regenerative Endodontics

“… 16 In Table 1 , description of the decellularization process reported by the researchers for the extraction of bioactive ingredients from dental pulp tissues of different sources has been given. 11 12 13 14 15 …”

“…16 In ►Table 1, description of the decellularization process reported by the researchers for the extraction of bioactive ingredients from dental pulp tissues of different sources has been given. [11][12][13][14][15] Recent discoveries in endodontic dentistry have proven that the human dental pulp is capable of regeneration by using the methods of decellularization by making use of the dental pulp as a scaffold for the potential regeneration process. 9 The human dental pulp is known to contain a variety of cells, primarily identified as stem cells that have a potential to induce differentiation to multiple classes of different cells, including osteoblasts, odontoblasts, neural cells, and adipocytes.…”

Advanced Strategies of Biomimetic Tissue‐Engineered Grafts for Bone Regeneration

“…Grafts prepared by decellularization have gained popularity for their preservation of composition and osteogenic differentiation of native bone tissue. [56,57] To overcome drawbacks of native bonederived decellularized grafts, such as limited source of donor tissues and risks of pathogen transmission, producing in vitro extracellular matrix (ECM) for bone tissue engineering has gained more interest. [58,59] Obviously, there is no ideal material takes for all the advantages in bone tissue engineering applications.…”

Synergistically Promoting Bone Regeneration by Icariin-Incorporated Porous Microcarriers and Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Derived From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…In recent years, combining ECM with biodegradable materials has received considerable attention. To avoid from triggering an immune response when implanted in vivo , ECM-modified synthetic materials were generated by decellularization ( Gaffney et al, 2017 ; Kim et al, 2019 ; Lee et al, 2020 ). Compared to animal tissues, cell-derived ECM has the advantages of avoiding pathogen transfer and immune response.…”