Decennial trends and inequalities in healthy life expectancy: The HUNT Study, Norway

Storeng, Siri Høivik; Krokstad, Steinar; Westin, Steinar; Sund, Erik R.

doi:10.1177/1403494817695911

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is consistent with the evidence of a reduction in the proportion of life spent without disability in the UK. This pattern was also observed in: all high-income countries combined in the Global Burden of Disease studies, [36][37][38] Norway, 26 Belgium, 19 Japan 22 23 and the USA 33 for all, and in Switzerland 31 and Sweden 30 for men but not women. This points to evidence of an expansion of disability in a number of high-income countries, although not always consistently between men and women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…16 Two of the UK studies were ONS reports. 15 16 The remaining studies reported trends in Belgium, [17][18][19] Canada, 20 Denmark, 21 Japan, 22 23 the Netherlands, 24 25 Norway, 26 Republic of Korea, 27 28 Sweden, 29 30 Switzerland 31 and the USA. [32][33][34][35] Three Global Burden of Disease studies were included, which reported trends across multiple countries, and high-income countries combined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in health expectancies: a systematic review of international evidence

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesA clear understanding of whether increases in longevity are spent in good health is necessary to support ageing, health and care-related policy.DesignWe conducted a systematic review to update and summarise evidence on trends in health expectancies, in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) high-income countries.Data sourcesFour electronic databases (MEDLINE, 1946–19 September 2019; Embase 1980–2019 week 38; Scopus 1966–22 September 2019, Health Management Information Consortium, 1979–September 2019), and the UK Office for National Statistics website (November 2019).Eligibility criteriaEnglish language studies published from 2016 that reported trends in healthy, active and/or disability-free life expectancy in an OECD high-income country.Data extraction and synthesisRecords were screened independently by two researchers. Study quality was assessed using published criteria designed to identify sources of bias in studies reporting trends, and evidence summarised by narrative synthesis.FindingsTwenty-eight publications from 11 countries were included, covering periods from 6 to 40 years, between 1970 and 2017. In most countries, gains in healthy and disability-free life expectancy do not match the growth in total life expectancy. Exceptions were demonstrated for women in Sweden, where there were greater gains in disability-free years than life expectancy. Gains in healthy and disability-free life expectancy were greater for men than women in most countries except the USA (age 85), Japan (birth), Korea (age 65) and Sweden (age 77).ConclusionAn expansion of disability in later life is evident in a number of high-income countries, with implications for the sustainability of health and care systems. The recent COVID-19 pandemic may also impact health expectancies in the longer term.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in health expectancies: a systematic review of international evidence

et al. 2021

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“…The compression of morbidity hypothesis originally proposed by Fries [1] stated that better health care, an active lifestyle, and advances in preventive health behavior would lead to increased active life expectancy and decreasing duration of morbidity and disability in the population. In support of this assumption several studies revealed a significant reduction in proportions of functional impairment and also increases of disability-free life expectancy and expected lifetime in good self-rated health (SRH) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Pointing into the same direction, German studies reported improved SRH over time particularly in the elder population [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…An essential precondition for this implementation is sufficiently good health and wellbeing of the elder working population. However, while there is some evidence of increasing healthy life expectancy [2,3], little is known on the possible rise of healthy working life expectancy, meaning the time spent in both work and good health [29]. Thus, we focused on individuals aged 50-70 years who are most directly affected by the pension policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in self-rated health among the elderly population in Germany from 1995 to 2015 – the influence of temporal change in leisure time physical activity

et al. 2020

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Background: Against the backdrop of rising statutory retirement age in Germany, we analyzed time trends in selfrated health (SRH) among the elderly population between 50 and 70 years of age and explored the mediating role of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on the relationship between time period and self-rated health (SRH). Methods: We used longitudinal survey data (n = 23,161) from a national panel study (GSOEP) to analyze time trends in SRH and regular LTPA (at least once a week) by means of Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) analysis for logistic regression. The Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method was applied for decomposing trend effects into direct and indirect parts via LTPA. In addition to odds ratios (OR), we illustrated the results by means of predicted probabilities and average partial effects (APE). Results: Over time, the predicted probabilities of good SRH and regular LTPA increased while those of poor SRH decreased. After adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES) 53.4% of the trend in good SRH in women (OR = 1.34 / APE = 6.8%-points) could be attributed to the rise in regular LTPA. In men, the remaining smaller effect (OR = 1.13 / APE = 2.7%) could be fully assigned to temporal changes in regular LTPA. With respect to poor health we found a suppression effect of LTPA in the adjusted model, indicating that without improvements in regular LTPA over time an increase in poor SRH would have occurred. Conclusions: The increase of regular LTPA accounted for improved SRH from 1995 to 2015 among the elderly, indicating that promoting LTPA might be a key factor to raise healthy working life expectancy.

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“…Over the past few decades, progress in medicine has been exceptional. New diagnostic procedures, more in‐depth understanding of pathophysiology, and new treatment options have led to a steady increase in life expectancy in North America and Europe, with a growing number of elderly patients with polypharmacy. Thus, it is becoming more difficult to avoid medication errors .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Pharmacology Curriculum at a German Medical School: A Structured Plan Based on a Student‐Guided Large‐Scale Study

Steffen

Lenski

Herrmann

et al. 2019

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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With rapid progress in medicine, a thorough understanding of pharmacology remains crucial. Currently, lecturers are implementing competencybased learning objectives in medical curricula around the world. Advancing teaching modalities need to be integrated into pharmacology courses in a reasonable way. At Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich Medical Faculty, a systematic evidence-based approach was used to modernize pharmacology classes. The needs assessment was conducted by final-year students. It included focus groups and a large-scale online survey, which was distributed among all medical students at LMU, with 1018 students participating (response rate 20%). Survey results showed that most of the students (92%) aimed to become pharmacology-adept doctors. Also, a majority (88%) stated that their goal was to understand the material most critical to application of pharmacology concepts as well as prescribing practice. Only 38% of the students reported satisfaction with the current curriculum, and 93% supported modernization. Thus far, pharmacology teaching at LMU Munich had mainly consisted of lectures attended by 200 students. Now, students advocated for a stronger integration of clinical pharmacology teaching into clinical subjects in the last 2 years of medical school. Specifically, they called for classes with smaller groups of students including problem-based learning as well as video podcasts. These results provided the foundation for change in curriculum at the LMU medical school. In conclusion, a structured approach for curriculum development that considers students' views is feasible and can reveal their actual goals and demands. The approach has proven successful at LMU Munich and is transferrable to other universities.

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Decennial trends and inequalities in healthy life expectancy: The HUNT Study, Norway

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Trends in health expectancies: a systematic review of international evidence

Trends in health expectancies: a systematic review of international evidence

Trends in self-rated health among the elderly population in Germany from 1995 to 2015 – the influence of temporal change in leisure time physical activity

Improving the Pharmacology Curriculum at a German Medical School: A Structured Plan Based on a Student‐Guided Large‐Scale Study

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