Decentralisation of neurones in the pelvic ganglion of the guinea-pig: Reinnervation by adrenergic nerves

Yokota, Reiko; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1007/bf00213795

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The adrenergic varicosities are not altered by chronic decentralization of the ganglia (i.e., transection of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves) and therefore are assumed to arise from local adrenergic neurons or from SIF cells within the pelvic plexus. Histochemical experiments also identified pericellular baskets of adrenergic varicosities surrounding ganglion cells in the rabbit bladder and in the guinea pig hypogastric plexus (649,685). This type of varicosity is less obvious in the rat major pelvic ganglion (131).…”

Section: Modulation Of Transmission In Autonomic Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract

1997

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This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry and neurotransmitter mechanisms controlling the lower urinary tract. The functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia that coordinates the activity of smooth and striated muscles of the bladder and urethral outlet. The neural control of micturition is organized as a hierarchical system in which spinal storage mechanisms are in turn regulated by circuitry in the rostral brain stem that initiates reflex voiding. Input from the forebrain triggers voluntary voiding by modulating the brain stem circuitry. Many neural circuits controlling the lower urinary tract exhibit switch-like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all-or-none manner. The major component of the micturition switching circuit is a spinobulbospinal parasympathetic reflex pathway that has essential connections in the periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center. A computer model of this circuit that mimics the switching functions of the bladder and urethra at the onset of micturition is described. Micturition occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3 to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. Diseases or injuries of the nervous system in adults can cause the re-emergence of involuntary micturition, leading to urinary incontinence. Neuroplasticity underlying these developmental and pathological changes in voiding function is discussed.

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Section: Modulation Of Transmission In Autonomic Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract

1997

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“…Although the development of varicose plexuses has been described in partially or completely denervated pelvic ganglia (Yokota andBurnstock 1983: Mattiasson et al 1985;Dail and Minorsky 1986;Minorsky and Dail 1993), these observations have not included some common neurotransmitter phenotypes. To explore further the reactive changes in chronically denervated ganglia, we have investigated the development of perineuronal plexuses (perineuronal baskets) and fibers that contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-D).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Denervation-induced changes in perineuronal plexuses in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat: immunohistochemistry for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and tyrosine hydroxylase and histochemistry for NADPH-diaphorase

Dail

Galindo

Leyba

et al. 1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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To characterize further the injury response of autonomic ganglia, we have examined the effect of chronic denervation on perineuronal plexuses that are immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or that stain for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in the rat major pelvic ganglion, and their relationship to an identified sub-population of neurons in the ganglion (the penile neurons). Penile neurons contain VIP and NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-D) but lack TH. VIP-immunoreactive (VIP-IR) and TH-IR perineuronal plexuses (baskets) are rare in the rat major pelvic ganglion and those present are not associated with penile neurons. A small increase in VIP-IR baskets occurs 2 weeks after proximal interruption of the pelvic nerve, but TH-IR baskets increase five-fold. The emergent VIP-IR and TH-IR baskets enclose TH-negative neurons, none of which are penile ganglion cells. These changes remain up to 4 weeks after denervation. Interrupting the pelvic nerve nearer the margin of the major pelvic ganglion results in a rapid, more dramatic increase in VIP-IR, in cell bodies and beaded fibers, than that seen with the more proximal lesion. About 27% of neurons in the ventral pole of the ganglion are enveloped by NADPH-D perineuronal baskets. The incidence of NADPH-D baskets falls to less than 1% after acute interruption of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves, but their frequency returns to control levels in chronically denervated ganglia. The rapid, vigorous changes in peptide (VIP) fibers after the pelvic nerve is cut close to the major pelvic ganglion may be attributable to the interruption of axons of postganglionic neurons and to preganglionic nerve fibers, whereas the slowly developing changes in VIP-IR and TH-IR fibers after more proximal lesions may represent the more modest effects of true decentralization. The source and significance of the VIP-IR, TH-IR, and NADPH-D baskets that appear in chronically denervated ganglia remain unclear.

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“…13 The majority of parasympathetic supply to the colon comes from the hypogastric nerves and transection of pelvic and hypogastric nerves is necessary to eliminate extrinsic parasympathetic supply to the colon and rectum. 16 Conversely, sympathetic supply to the distal colon comes from the L2-L4 lumbar spinal cord as splanchnic nerves, coalesces in the prevertebral ganglia (such as celiac, superior mesenteric and IMG) then distributes as colonic nerves that closely follow the vascular supply. 13 The IMG forms a ring around inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) shortly after IMA takeoff from the aorta, and an intermesenteric nerve that connects IMG to superior mesenteric ganglia, as well as hypogastric nerves that connect IMG to anterior pelvic ganglion, coalesce on this ring (intraoperative observation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Denervation studies of the guinea pig colon have been performed to date to examine effect on opioid receptors by way of performing short cryoablation of IMA/IMG complex, the so called "frigore" denervation of the IMG, which destroys the IMG but preserves IMA, [17][18][19] and histological and immunohistochemical changes in the pelvic ganglia after denervation. 16,20 To create a model for the study of isolated extrinsic nerve stimulation on the distal colon, we chose guinea pigs due to the anatomic complexity of pelvic innervation and active enteric nervous system, which is well established for the study of intrinsic reflexes. We have designed an in vitro model of guinea pig distal colon that allows full manipulation of the PN and IMG in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Gribovskaja‐Rupp¹,

Babygirija²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsColonic peristalsis is mainly regulated via intrinsic neurons in guinea pigs. However, autonomic regulation of colonic motility is poorly understood. We explored a guinea pig model for the study of extrinsic nerve effects on the distal colon. MethodsGuinea pigs were sacrificed, their distal colons isolated, preserving pelvic nerves (PN) and inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG), and placed in a tissue bath. Fecal pellet propagation was conducted during PN and IMG stimulation at 10 Hz, 0.5 ms and 5 V. Distal colon was connected to a closed circuit system, and colonic motor responses were measured during PN and IMG stimulation. ResultsPN stimulation increased pellet velocity to 24.6 ± 0.7 mm/sec (n = 20), while IMG stimulation decreased it to 2.0 ± 0.2 mm/sec (n = 12), compared to controls (13.0 ± 0.7 mm/sec, P ＜ 0.01). In closed circuit experiments, PN stimulation increased the intraluminal pressure, which was abolished by atropine (10 −6 M) and hexamethonium (10 −4 M). PN stimulation reduced the incidence of non-coordinated contractions induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 −4 M). IMG stimulation attenuated intraluminal pressure increase, which was partially reversed by alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine; 10 −6 M). Conclusions

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Decentralisation of neurones in the pelvic ganglion of the guinea-pig: Reinnervation by adrenergic nerves

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract

Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract

Denervation-induced changes in perineuronal plexuses in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat: immunohistochemistry for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and tyrosine hydroxylase and histochemistry for NADPH-diaphorase

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

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