Decentralised coordination control strategy of the PV generator, storage battery and hydrogen production unit in islanded AC microgrid

Abstract

The fluctuation and intermittence of the distributed renewable energy sources (RESs) limit the connection to the main grid and cause large-scale power curtailment. This issue can be addressed by the application of a hydrogen production unit (HPU), which is compatible with the disadvantages of RESs and can achieve large-capacity and long-term absorption of the electric energy. A decentralised coordination control strategy among the generation, storage and HPU are proposed in the photovoltaic (PV) dominated islanded AC microgrid. Firstly, the energy conversion efficiency from electric energy to hydrogen energy of HPU is derived, based on which the efficiency adaptive control is proposed to regulate its power consumption by adjusting the efficiency reference according to the bus frequency. Secondly, the state of charge and the instantaneous power of the storage are considered in the control strategy, which can avoid the storage being overused or damaged. Thirdly, the control strategy of the PV generator is designed to adaptively regulate its output power from maximum power point tracking mode to the reference power point mode seamlessly. Finally, the stability of the whole control strategy is analysed and the control effectiveness is verified based on the RTLAB experiment platform.

Review of Hydrogen Production Techniques from Water Using Renewable Energy Sources and Its Storage in Salt Caverns

“…Known to the authors: in the United Kingdom and the United States. Based on [26], when considering both offshore and onshore salt caverns, the storage potential in Europe is 84.800 TWh H2 (42% of which belongs to Germany). The overall onshore-only potential is 23.200 TWh H2 (41% of which belongs to Germany).…”

Adaptive coordination control strategy of renewable energy sources, hydrogen production unit, and fuel cell for frequency regulation of a hybrid distributed power system

“…However, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated under small load perturbation, and the fraction factor is not taken into consideration. References [25,36] propose a decentralized coordination control strategy among generation, ESS, hydrogen production unit, and FC in island DC and AC microgrids, respectively. However, both studies fail to take the electrical characteristics of the FC and the fraction factor into consideration.…”

“…It also presents a comparison between several optimization algorithms including the simplified GWO algorithm to show its superiority over other methods. One of the most important applications of a hydrogen production unit is presented in [25] to overcome the large-scale power curtailment resulting from the connection between RESs and large-scale power systems. The hydrogen production unit is suitable for such an application, since it can have large-capacity and long-term absorption of electric energy.…”

Microgrid Power Sharing Framework for Software Defined Networking and Cybersecurity Analysis

“…To regulate voltage and frequency deviations generated by virtual inertia and virtual impedance in the primary controllers, secondary control (SC) is typically employed [11]. Secondary control includes a communication system to regulate active/reactive power sharing and coordinate the nominal values used by DERs at the primary level [12], [13], [14]. Additionally, communications between local controllers may be used to achieve a global consensus of DERs and increase the resilience of the MG.…”