“…The possible wheel slip can be treated as an external disturbance (Matveev et al, 2013) or estimated as a non-negligible dynamic influence (Bayar et al, 2016; Guo et al, 2018; Han et al, 2019). Dealing with external disturbance usually includes the disturbance-observer based control (DOBC) technique (Li et al, 2020; Lu et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2020) and some advanced robust control technique such as sliding mode control (SMC) (Ranjbar et al, 2021; Tofifigh et al, 2021). For example, Izadbakhsh and Khorashadizadeh (2016; Izadbakhsh et al, 2018) have presented a so-called model-free observer based on universal function approximation techniques for uncertainty estimation of the tracking control of robots.…”