Decentralized Learning with Virtual Patients for Medical Diagnosis of Diabetes

Abstract

Machine learning, applied to medical data, can uncover new knowledge and support medical practices. However, analyzing medical data by machine learning methods presents a trade-off between accuracy and privacy. To overcome the trade-off, we apply the data collaboration analysis method to medical data. This method using artificial dummy data enables analysis to compare distributed information without using the original data. The purpose of our experiment is to identify patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), using 29,802 instances of real data obtained from the University of Tsukuba Hospital between 01/03/2013 and 30/09/2018. The whole data is divided into a number of datasets to simulate different hospitals. We propose the following improvements for the data collaboration analysis. (1) Making the dummy data which has a reality and (2) using non-linear reconverting functions into the comparable space. Both can be realized using the generative adversarial network (GAN) and Node2Vec, respectively. The improvement effects of dummy data with GAN scores more than 10% over the effects of dummy data with random numbers. Furthermore, the improvement effect of the re-conversion by Node2Vec with GAN anchor data scores about 20% higher than the linear method with random dummy data. Our results reveal that the data collaboration method with appropriate modifications, depending on data type, improves analysis performance.

Utilizing the metaverse in anatomy and physiology

“…Virtual patient data can also be produced as part of the consultation (in some cases with the use of AI), providing health information for students to assess and identify suspected issues. 32 Artificial patients may also present an effective bridge to practice communication and clinical skills before meeting with real patients. This may have some benefit in reducing anxiety associated with newly learned content.…”

“…Even the distance between the student and the patient can be assessed and monitored. Virtual patient data can also be produced as part of the consultation (in some cases with the use of AI), providing health information for students to assess and identify suspected issues 32 . Artificial patients may also present an effective bridge to practice communication and clinical skills before meeting with real patients.…”