In this paper, a novel neural network-based error-track iterative learning control scheme is proposed to tackle trajectory tracking problem for tank gun control systems. Firstly, the system modeling for tank gun control systems is introduced as a preparation of controller design. Then, the reference error trajectory is constructed to deal with the nonzero initial error of iterative learning control. The adaptive iterative learning controller for tank gun control systems is designed by using Lyapunov approach. Adaptive learning neural network is adopted to approximate nonlinear uncertainties, with robust control technique being used compensate the approximation error and external disturbances. As the iteration number increases, the system error can follow the desired error trajectory over the whole time interval, which makes the system state accurately track the reference error trajectory during the predetermined part time interval. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed iterative learning control scheme. INDEX TERMS Tank gun control systems, iterative learning control, neural network, Lyapunov approach.