Decentralized Water and Wastewater Systems for Resilient Societies: A Shift Towards a Green Infrastructure-Based Alternate Economy

Abstract

Water sector reform is one of the cornerstone requirements of resilient cities in the face of global climate change and in meeting the commitments of the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. However, on the current trajectory, countries are falling short and will either need to commit to significant capital investment to supplement large-scale central networks and supplies or make rapid changes to adopt decentralized technologies and business models. Water utilities represent a significant and influential group, particularly in Australia, Europe, and the USA where they are monopolistic within their jurisdictions and strongly