Abstract:deception, electronic communication, unethical behavior, computer networks, social networks, communication medium, issue moral intensity, moral intensity,
“…Different lines of research have found richness and social presence to have significant effects on individuals' online behavior, including intention to use a website [1], online purchasing behavior [21], and even likelihood of deception in business email communication [12]. Hence, it is likely that phishing emails that vary in the amount of richness and presence cues are potentially more virulent-an issue that is particularly relevant given the increased sophistication of phishing emails.…”
Research on phishing has implicated users' heuristic processing as the reason why they fail to recognize deception cues and fall prey to phishing attacks. Other research on online behavior has found that the attributes of the medium activate heuristics that contribute to feelings of presence and enhance the persuasiveness of presented information. The deception literature has, however, yet to examine how such medium attributes lead to victimization in a phishing attack. The present research thus fills an important gap in the literature. The study explores how perceptions of presence in a phishing attack influence its victimization rate. This is examined using an experiment in which participants are subjected to a phishing attack where the amount of social presence in the email is manipulated. In contrast to subjects in the lean information conditions, those in the informationrich condition were more likely to heuristically process presence cues, leading to their victimization.
“…Different lines of research have found richness and social presence to have significant effects on individuals' online behavior, including intention to use a website [1], online purchasing behavior [21], and even likelihood of deception in business email communication [12]. Hence, it is likely that phishing emails that vary in the amount of richness and presence cues are potentially more virulent-an issue that is particularly relevant given the increased sophistication of phishing emails.…”
Research on phishing has implicated users' heuristic processing as the reason why they fail to recognize deception cues and fall prey to phishing attacks. Other research on online behavior has found that the attributes of the medium activate heuristics that contribute to feelings of presence and enhance the persuasiveness of presented information. The deception literature has, however, yet to examine how such medium attributes lead to victimization in a phishing attack. The present research thus fills an important gap in the literature. The study explores how perceptions of presence in a phishing attack influence its victimization rate. This is examined using an experiment in which participants are subjected to a phishing attack where the amount of social presence in the email is manipulated. In contrast to subjects in the lean information conditions, those in the informationrich condition were more likely to heuristically process presence cues, leading to their victimization.
“…Unfortunately, comparing to the physical world, in which humans have been living for thousands of years, the Internet is still a new and dynamic environment full of uncertainties and challenges for the majority. Furthermore, Logsdon and Patterson (2009) discovered that the Internet is a platform with higher risks for unethical communication and behaviour.…”
Purpose -This paper aims to focus on online fraud occurrence in retailing banking sectors both in the UK and China. Online financial transactions bring convenience to individuals dramatically and improve banking service quality efficiently. However, the latest service channel, Internet, has been exploited by fraudsters excessively, standing at a huge monetary loss worldwide. Design/methodology/approach -In aspects of demographic factors, financial activities and IT usage, results would benefit financial organisations and local authorities in strengthening customers' education and improving policymaking. The fraud occurrence model is empirically tested using quantitative data, and comparison is discussed using qualitative data collected in both countries. Findings -The findings provide solid understanding of customers' behaviours towards online financial transactions and fraud occurrence internationally. As the main implication, customer education is proposed to benefit financial organisations in both countries. According to the data collection process and the data analysis results, individual customers are aware of banking policies and practices to some extent. Particularly in China, customers' satisfaction level is relatively lower and service quality is not reasonable in most circumstances. Research limitations/implications -The research experiences gained from this study suggest a number of areas for future research, particularly the under-researched area of fraud. Rather than approaching the research questions through individuals, there would be much value in working with merchants and financial organisations that are dealing with financial transactions and fraud on a daily basis. Originality/value -By combining three approaches (demographic factors, financial activities and IT usage), this study is trying to develop a comprehensive and statistical understanding of online fraud occurrences.
“…The theory is provocative, because the number of degrees of separation will be even fewer in select environments (Faber ). Indeed, the emergence of digitized social networks (Facebook, LinkedIn) increases the potential for an individual to either broadcast or target his/her dissatisfaction with a negotiating counterpart's behavior (Watts ; Logsdon and Patterson ). Therefore, our eighth proposition (P8) is that: Proposition Eight : The more a counterpart is convinced that a negotiator is connected to the counterpart's social network, the less likely the counterpart will be to employ ethically ambiguous negotiation tactics.…”
Section: A Framework For Understanding Counterparts' Ethical Motivationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The theory is provocative, because the number of degrees of separation will be even fewer in select environments (Faber 2001). Indeed, the emergence of digitized social networks (Facebook, LinkedIn) increases the potential for an individual to either broadcast or target his/her dissatisfaction with a negotiating counterpart's behavior (Watts 2003;Logsdon and Patterson 2009). Therefore, our eighth proposition (P8) is that:…”
Section: Risks To Short-term Relational Interestsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, the use of EANTs can create a competitive spiral in which incomplete or erroneous information becomes the basis for decisions (Axelrod ; Volkema, Fleck, and Hofmeister ). When the negotiators come from different backgrounds (e.g., countries, cultures), as is often the case in today's global markets, or are employing low‐to‐moderately rich context media such as electronic mail, which can foster risky behavior, the probability of a competitive spiral is even more likely (Thompson and Nadler ; Rivers and Lytle ; Logsdon and Patterson ).…”
Section: Negotiation and Ethical Decision Makingmentioning
Managing the flow of valid information is one of the biggest challenges that negotiators face. The high incidence of questionable or unethical negotiating tactics has been well documented, but ways of dealing with the deceptive practices of a counterpart have received comparatively little attention. In this article, we suggest that, in addition to avoidance and confrontation, negotiators typically attempt to manage the unethical tendencies of their counterparts through twelve neutralizing approaches. These approaches are based on four types of perceived risk that counterparts often consider when deciding whether to use ethically ambiguous negotiation tactics: risks to immediate or short‐term goals/tasks; risks to immediate or short‐term relationship(s); risks to future or long‐term goals/tasks; and, risks to future or long‐term relationships. By applying expectancy theory, resource dependency theory, social identity theory, and social network theory to this framework, we have developed propositions related to these twelve neutralizing approaches. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges related to evaluating these propositions in future research.
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