Dechlorination of p-nitrochlorobenzene using fly ash. Effects of metals, mixed solvents and temperature

Ghaffar, Abdul; Tabata, Masaaki

doi:10.1007/s11144-009-0020-6

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…55 mS/cm; TDS 963 mg⋅dm −3 ; nitrates 57 ppm and the dissolved salt contents salinity was 0.1 ng⋅dm −3 . The sample was preserved and filtered as described in earlier studies [11][12][13][14]. The filtered sample was analysed on GC-ECD for lindane using internal standard technique as described by Zinovyev et al [19].…”

Section: Dechlorination Of Lindane Present In Industrialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous studies we used fly ash, activated carbon, and reducing media to achieve hydrodechlorination. Dechlorination of chlorobenzene compounds was achieved by applying alkaline solutions and sulfur in aqueous/organic solvent [11][12][13][14]. We applied Devarda's alloy and NaBH 4 for dechlorination of DDT and TCP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In continuation of our previous work we developed a convenient and practicable method for dechlorination of lindane. According to our previous observations dechlorination of monochlorinated compounds always makes a problem as the compounds are very persistent to dechlorinate [11][12][13][14]. In this study reaction we carried out dechlorination in two phases; in first phase dechlorination was achieved through hydrodechlorination while in second phase substitution reactions were carried out to enhance dechlorination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Phase Dechlorination/Detoxification of Lindane (Hexachlorocyclohexane)

Ghaffar

Tabata

Mashiatullah

2014

Advances in Environmental Chemistry

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Dechlorination of lindane was carried out in a two-phase reaction. In first phase Devarda's alloy and sodium borohydride were used in aqueous/ethanol reaction media. The reaction duration and temperature were optimized. In first phase higher dechlorination (78%) was achieved at 80 ∘ C with 40-minute reaction time and the products were chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and chlorocyclohexane. In second phase, Ca(OH) 2 and sulfur were added in reaction media. The reactions conditions like temperature and reaction time were optimized. After 30 minutes, dechlorination was enhanced from 78% to 94% and the final products were benzene, phenol, catechol, benzenethiol, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanethiol. The results suggested that dechlorination of lindane in first and second phase was carried out through hydrodechlorination and substitution reactions, respectively. The developed method was applied for lindane containing real wastewater and higher dechlorination (91%) was achieved under optimized reaction conditions.

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Section: Dechlorination Of Lindane Present In Industrialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Two-Phase Dechlorination/Detoxification of Lindane (Hexachlorocyclohexane)

Ghaffar

Tabata

Mashiatullah

2014

Advances in Environmental Chemistry

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“…It was observed that presence of sulfur, alkali solution, organic, and aqueous media was important to dechlorinate the chlorinated compounds (31). In present studies, research was focused to enhance the dechlorination (%) of di-chlorobenzene and tri-chlorobenzene compounds by using various alkali solutions under mild conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced dechlorination of chlorobenzene compounds on fly ash: effects of metals, solvents, and temperature

Ghaffar

Tabata

2010

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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Dechlorination of di-chlorobenzene and tri-chlorobenzene on fly ash was optimized. Solutions of sulfur with alkaline solutions of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide were applied for dechlorination of chlorobenzene compounds. Higher dechlorination (%) on surface of fly ash was achieved in sulfur and calcium hydroxide mixture, which further was enhanced with the addition of sodium hydroxide. Higher dechlorination (%) was obtained at 908C, where metals in general, and copper and lead, in particular, enhance the catalytic potential of fly ash for dechlorination by hydrodechlorination and substitution reactions. But at high temperatures (120Á1708C), dechlorination process was adversely affected by these metals. Moreover, the fly ash particles provided the surface to accomplish reduction and substitution reactions by adsorbing the chlorinated aromatic compound, hydrogen, hydroxyl, and thiol ions. The effects of water, organic solvents, and temperature were studied and reactions conditions were optimized to get maximum dechlorination.

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