Deciphering alternative splicing patterns in multiple tissues of Ginkgo biloba important secondary metabolites

He, Bing; Han, Xin; Liu, Hailin; Bu, Mengjia; Cui, Peng; Xu, Liang

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114812

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Alternative splicing is a widespread phenomenon in plants, playing a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and protein diversity across various biological processes, including development, tissue-specific gene expression, and environmental responses [30,34]. Importantly, alternative splicing has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism governing secondary metabolism [31,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative First Exons Drive Enzymatic Activity Variation in Chalcone Synthase 3 of Dendrobium sinense

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Forests

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Dendrobium sinense, a native orchid species of Hainan Island, is cultivated for its ornamental flowers. Recently, this species has gained significant attention due to its medicinal value. This study focuses on the identification of type III polyketide synthase (PKS), which catalyzes the formation of crucial intermediates in secondary metabolites. Through analysis of previous transcriptome data, a total of ten type III DsPKS genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis categorized the type III PKS proteins into CHS, BBS, and PKS groups. Interestingly, the DsCHS3 gene exhibited alternative first exons, resulting in two splice variants, namely DsCHS3-1 and DsCHS3-2. Full-length cDNA sequencing revealed that DsCHS3-1 was the more prevalent splice variant. Prokaryotic expression and purification of DsCHS3-1 and DsCHS3-2 proteins were successfully achieved. Enzyme activity analysis demonstrated significantly higher catalytic activity in DsCHS3-2 compared to DsCHS3-1, particularly in the conversion of p-coumaryol-CoA and malonyl-CoA to naringin chalcone. Functional complementation assays in Arabidopsis mutants confirmed the higher catalytic activity of DsCHS3-2, as it restored flavonoid biosynthesis to a greater extent compared to DsCHS3-1. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the alternative splicing patterns and functional divergence of DsCHS3 genes in D. sinense.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative First Exons Drive Enzymatic Activity Variation in Chalcone Synthase 3 of Dendrobium sinense

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…It is of a great significance to characterize genes related in secondary metabolite biosynthesis between closely related species or varieties in medicinal plants ( Koo et al., 2022 ; Liu et al., 2022 ; Shafi et al., 2022 ), or between different tissues in same species ( He et al., 2022a ; Naika et al., 2022 ). The comparative transcriptome analysis of the marijuana strain Purple Kush and the ‘Finola’ cultivar of Cannabis sativa demonstrated that the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase was detected in Purple Kush but replaced by cannabidiolic acid synthase in the ‘Finola’ cultivar, explaining the significant chemical difference between marijuana-derived Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and hemp-derived cannabidiol (CBD) ( van Bakel et al., 2011 ).…”

Section: Functional Gene Mining Of Medicinal Plant Transcriptome To C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of high-throughput omics technologies in medicinal plant research: The new era of natural drug discovery

Zhang

Zhou²,

Meng³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Medicinal plants are natural sources to unravel novel bioactive compounds to satisfy human pharmacological potentials. The world’s demand for herbal medicines is increasing year by year; however, large-scale production of medicinal plants and their derivatives is still limited. The rapid development of modern technology has stimulated multi-omics research in medicinal plants, leading to a series of breakthroughs on key genes, metabolites, enzymes involved in biosynthesis and regulation of active compounds. Here, we summarize the latest research progress on the molecular intricacy of medicinal plants, including the comparison of genomics to demonstrate variation and evolution among species, the application of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to explore dynamic changes of molecular compounds, and the utilization of potential resources for natural drug discovery. These multi-omics research provide the theoretical basis for environmental adaptation of medicinal plants and allow us to understand the chemical diversity and composition of bioactive compounds. Many medicinal herbs’ phytochemical constituents and their potential health benefits are not fully explored. Given their large diversity and global distribution as well as the impacts of growth duration and environmental factors on bioactive phytochemicals in medicinal plants, it is crucial to emphasize the research needs of using multi-omics technologies to address basic and applied problems in medicinal plants to aid in developing new and improved medicinal plant resources and discovering novel medicinal ingredients.

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“…The leaves of grafted haploid ginkgo seedlings are smaller and contain fewer flavonoids than those of diploids, probably due to a smaller number of corresponding regulatory genes and the significant downregulation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis [85]. Moreover, intron retention is the most important type of alternative splicing at different developmental stages of various tissues and plays a key role in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo [86]. The biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids and terpenoids also contain alternative splicing variations, which may affect their synthesis.…”

Section: Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview and Recent Progress on the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L.

Guo,

Wang,

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Flavonoids and their derivatives play important roles in plants, such as exerting protective activity against biotic and abiotic stresses, functioning in visual signaling to attract pollinators, and regulating phytohormone activity. They are also important secondary metabolites that are beneficial to humans. Ginkgo biloba L. is a well-known relict plant considered to be a “living fossil”. Flavonoids present in ginkgo leaves have antioxidant and anti-aging capacities and show good therapeutic effects on a variety of neurological diseases. To date, studies on flavonoids have mainly focused on their extraction, pharmacological effects, and component analysis and on the expression levels of the key genes involved. However, a systematic review summarizing the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of ginkgo flavonoids is still lacking. Thus, this review was conducted to comprehensively introduce the biological characteristics, value, and utilization status of ginkgo; summarize the effects, biosynthetic pathways, and transcriptional regulation of flavonoids; and finally, discuss the factors (ecological factors, hormones, etc.) that regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids in ginkgo. This review will provide a reference basis for future research on the biosynthesis and efficient utilization of flavonoids in ginkgo.

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Deciphering alternative splicing patterns in multiple tissues of Ginkgo biloba important secondary metabolites

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Alternative First Exons Drive Enzymatic Activity Variation in Chalcone Synthase 3 of Dendrobium sinense

Alternative First Exons Drive Enzymatic Activity Variation in Chalcone Synthase 3 of Dendrobium sinense

Integration of high-throughput omics technologies in medicinal plant research: The new era of natural drug discovery

Overview and Recent Progress on the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L.

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