Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction: Pathophysiological mechanisms in vascular cognitive impairment

He, Yuyao; He, Tiantian; Li, Hongpei; Chen, Wei; Zhong, Biying; Wu, Yue; Chen, Runming; Hu, Yuli; Ma, Huaping; Wu, Bin; Hu, Wenyue; Han, Zhenyun

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116428

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 237 publications

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“…With increasing research focus on ischemic-hypoxic brain injury, attention has shifted to the retina as an extension of the central nervous system. Cascade activation of multiple signaling pathways induced by excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in chronic cerebral under-perfusion, leading to immune cell recruitment and activation, and necrosis/apoptosis of vascular endothelial and supportive cells, as well as neurons [ 49 , 50 ]. Some of these mechanisms have been validated in the retina, offering novel therapeutic targets for RVO [ 6 , 17 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring laser-induced acute and chronic retinal vein occlusion mouse models: Development, temporal in vivo imaging, and application perspectives

Xu,

Li,

Tang

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Photodynamic venous occlusion is a commonly accepted method for establishing mouse models of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). However, existing model parameters do not distinguish between acute and chronic RVO subtypes. Large variations in laser energy seem to correlate with fluctuating retinopathy severity and high rates of venous recanalization during the acute phase, along with the variable levels of retinal perfusion during the chronic phase. After optimizing the modeling procedure and defining success and exclusion criteria, laser energy groups of 80mW, 100mW, and 120mW were established. Multimodal imaging confirmed that higher energy levels increased the incidence of retinal cystoid edema and intraretinal hemorrhage, exacerbated the severity of exudative retinal detachment, and reduced the venous recanalization rate. For the acute model, 100mW was considered an appropriate parameter for balancing moderate retinopathy and venous recanalization. Continuous imaging follow-up revealed that day 1 after RVO was the optimal observation point for peaking of retinal thickness and intensive occurrence of retinal cystic edema and intraretinal hemorrhage. After excluding the influence of venous recanalization on retinal thickness, acute retinal edema demonstrated a positive response to standard anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, validating the clinical relevance of the acute RVO model for further study in pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy. For the chronic model, the 120mW parameter with the lowest venous recanalization rate was applied, accompanied by an increase in both photocoagulation shots and range to ensure sustained vein occlusion. Imaging follow-up clarified non-ischemic retinopathy characterized by tortuosity and dilation of the distal end, branches, and adjacent veins of the occluded vein. These morphological changes are quantifiable and could be combined with electrophysiological functional assessment for treatment effectiveness evaluation. Moreover, the stable state of venous occlusion may facilitate investigations into response and compensation mechanisms under conditions of chronic retinal hypoperfusion.

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