Deciphering the roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in regulating carcinogenesis

Chong, Zhi Xiong; Yong, Chean Yeah; Ong, Alan Han Kiat; Yeap, Swee Keong; Ho, Wan Yong

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2023.153596

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Activation of AhR leads to the upregulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which play a crucial role in facilitating detoxification and drug metabolism (2). In the context of hostmicrobe interactions, AhR has the ability to collaborate with various signaling pathways, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kb), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) signaling pathways (7). In parallel with the significant advancement of the AhR signaling pathway, there has been a gradual improvement in several hypotheses concerning microbial infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In parallel with the significant advancement of the AhR signaling pathway, there has been a gradual improvement in several hypotheses concerning microbial infection. The role of AhR extends beyond its involvement in pathogen infection, encompassing immune system regulation such as the promotion of Treg cell generation (8), mediation of autophagy-related neurotoxicity (9), regulation of circadian rhythm, and initiation of carcinogenesis processes (7,10). However, the precise mechanisms underlying these phenomena require further investigation in future research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptors in infection and inflammation

Xu,

Lin,

Xie

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that is activated by various ligands, including pollutants, microorganisms, and metabolic substances. It is expressed extensively in pulmonary and intestinal epithelial cells, where it contributes to barrier defense. The expression of AhR is pivotal in regulating the inflammatory response to microorganisms. However, dysregulated AhR expression can result in endocrine disorders, leading to immunotoxicity and potentially promoting the development of carcinoma. This review focuses on the crucial role of the AhR in facilitating and limiting the proliferation of pathogens, specifically in relation to the host cell type and the species of etiological agents involved in microbial pathogen infections. The activation of AhR is enhanced through the IDO1-AhR-IDO1 positive feedback loop, which is manipulated by viruses. AhR primarily promotes the infection of SARS-CoV-2 by inducing the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. AhR also plays a significant role in regulating various types of T-cells, including CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, in the context of pulmonary infections. The AhR pathway plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses within the respiratory and intestinal barriers when they are invaded by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Additionally, we propose that targeting the agonist and antagonist of AhR signaling pathways could serve as a promising therapeutic approach for combating pathogen infections, especially in light of the growing prevalence of drug resistance to multiple antibiotics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%