The
commonly accepted goal of doctoral education is to
train students
to be independent researchers and scientists. The backward design
framework was used to model how graduate handbooks should be developed;
by setting measurable outcomes and working backward to design programmatic
elements that will meet those desired goals. Under the backward design
framework, each of the programmatic elements of doctoral programs
is based on learning goals designed to help to progress students to
accomplish this overarching goal. Because the graduate student handbook
represents the primary documentation of programmatic elements, it
is possibly the only place where learning goals are explicitly written
out. In this qualitative study, publicly available graduate handbooks
from 60 chemistry departments were investigated for the learning goals
of the programmatic elements to know how these contribute to the overarching
goal of graduate education and compared to a literature-based model
of the goals of each major programmatic element. Through document
and thematic analysis, we found that most handbooks did not explicitly
state the learning goals of the programmatic elements, indicating
that backward design was not likely implemented fully during the crafting
of these documents. Considering the prior success of backward design,
this study implies that graduate handbooks written with an explicit
alignment with backward design could better prepare students for the
workforce and more broadly meet the desired goals of doctorate-level
chemistry education.