Decision Framework for Traffic Control on Sea-Crossing Bridges during Strong Winds

Risk Assessment of Wind-Induced Vehicle Accidents on Long-Span Bridges Using Onsite Wind and Traffic Data

“…• Overturning accident: when a roll safety factor (RSF) exceeds 0.9 (Liu 1999). • Sideslip accident: when one of the vehicle axles reaches its friction limit (Batista and Perkovič 2014;Kim and Kim 2019;Kim et al 2021).…”

“…Accordingly, by evaluating the risk indices for available mitigation strategies, the proposed methodology enables the bridge operator to decide on an optimal risk-reduction measure with a solid technical background. The proposed risk-assessment method was applied to the Gwangan Bridge, South Korea, where several overturning accidents were reported (Kim et al 2020(Kim et al , 2021. The application successfully identified the source of vulnerability and compared the countermeasure effectiveness in terms of risk index, demonstrating the engineering significance of the proposed method.…”

“…Geometric characteristics of a longspan bridge, such as deck shape, elevation, curvature, and slope, change along the entire driving path, which results in varying wind conditions that vehicles experience according to their location. For example, Kim et al (2021) reported a considerable reduction in the critical wind speed of a truck on a curved approach span compared with that on the cable-supported bridge in their case study due to the unique deck shape and road alignment. Also, two environmental factors, wind and traffic characteristics, can affect the risk.…”

“…Over the last 2 decades, extensive research has been performed for vehicle safety under strong crosswinds on a bridge. As mentioned by Reymert et al (2022), who performed a systematic search and filtering process for recent technical articles, most literature focused on numerical simulation of vehicle motion (Chen and Cai 2004;Chen et al 2015;Kim and Kim 2019;Kim et al 2021) and wind-tunnel testing technique to measure aerodynamic forces on vehicles (Suzuki et al 2003;Zhu et al 2012;Dorigatti et al 2012;Chen et al 2015;Wang et al 2018;Kim et al 2020). In recent years, challenging technologies also have been reported, such as the wind-tunnel technique for moving vehicle tests (Wang et al 2022;Xiang et al 2018) and numerical dynamic analysis considering bridge-vehicle-wind interaction (Hou et al 2019;Zhou and Chen 2016; Wang and Xu 2015).…”

“…All those accomplishments enable us to estimate the critical wind speeds of vehicles on a bridge and determine when to close the bridge or lower the vehicle speed limit during windy conditions. Kim et al (2021) also proposed a traffic-control strategy based on critical wind speeds obtained through wind-tunnel tests and numerical analysis.…”