Decision making mechanism for a smart neighborhood fed by multi-energy systems considering demand response

A Comprehensive Review of the Design and Operation Optimization of Energy Hubs and Their Interaction with the Markets and External Networks

“…On the other hand, in several works, demand-side flexibility is addressed by considering incentive-based programs and energy-price strategies [26,37] such as time-of-use electricity price or time-of-day unit price for electricity for demand response [19,25,32,42,43,78,82,90]. In these cases, EVs and batteries are considered, but their collaboration strategy with other co-existing storage facilities in the EH is of primary importance.…”

“…Reference [92] includes a constraint representing the possibility for the grid operator to limit their export to the electric grid if there are grid security concerns. The network flow constraints include the limits of energy flow, limits of imported/exported energy, and use of the share of the network between the energy providers and users, etc., as in [19,21,[23][24][25]27,32,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44]47,[50][51][52][54][55][56][57][58][59]62,65,[67][68][69][70][71][72][74][75][76]78,79,[82][83][84][85]88,90,91,93,94,[101]…”

“…The network flow constraints include the limits of energy flow, limits of imported/exported energy, and use of the share of the network between the energy providers and users, etc., as in [19,21,[23][24][25]27,32,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44]47,[50][51][52][54][55][56][57][58][59]62,65,[67][68][69][70][71][72][74][75][76]78,79,[82][83][84][85]88,90,91,93,94,[101][102][103][104]…”

“…Boundaries of the active and reactive power in the transmission lines [46,49,54] Gas flow equations in active and passive pipelines [49,97] Single direction for the flow of energy in pipeline and pipeline capacity [101] Nodal limitations at the EH level Mass balances for each node [22,86] End-users constraints [88,90] Active and reactive power balance equations in the hub [27,106] Maximum and minimum nodal voltages, maximum and minimum gas pressure, maximum and minimum supply and return temperature [19,30,49] Constraint on feed-in power when grid security concerns [92] Market constraints are presented in Table 10, and they are less commonly encountered in the reviewed documents. They are sometimes used to represent the estimation of the internal price in models, including P2P energy sharing.…”

Reviewing local and integrated energy system models: insights into flexibility and robustness challenges

“…The stochastic sampling of input data, for example generation profiles for solar and wind [106,157] or load and EV profiles [106,114] represents an alternative approach to consider uncertainty regarding parameter values. Input profiles can be sampled directly from a discrete set of options [158] or from a probability distribution as is done by Guo et al [106] in a Monte Carlo analysis that is followed by a reduction of the resulting set that eliminates similar input scenarios.…”