“…The authors also conducted numerical experiments to demonstrate the trade-offs of quality level and materials cost. Other works (Brahmi et al, 2020;Nogueira et al, 2020;Tolooie et al, 2020;Astuty et al, 2021;Ekin and Aktekin, 2021;Frank et al, 2021;Martins et al, 2021;Ongcunaruk et al, 2021;Pando et al, 2021) considered various features of adjustable manufacturing rates and discrete shipping plans to optimize fabrication-inventory systems and supply-chain operations. This study proposes a two-stage delayed differentiation model for a multiproduct manufacturer-retailer coordinated supply chain featuring the adjustable-rate for making common parts and a multi-shipment policy for transporting finished goods.…”