“…At the level of each criterion, a bid evaluation model can be built following one of three paths: bids can be directly rated, or compared to one another (Dyer and Lorber 1982, Belton 1985, Mustafa and Ryan 1990, Bana e Costa et al 2002; bids can be compared indirectly through a value or utility function (Ewing, Jr. et al 2006, Pongpeng andListon 2003) previously constructed upon a defined attribute. Finally, bids can be compared through a hybrid of the aforementioned approaches, e.g., the bids might be compared directly on some quality criteria and indirectly on other criteria such as cost or deadline through previously assessed value functions.…”