“…Business scenarios in which remanufacturing is addressed include sales to secondary markets (Quariguasi-Frota-Neto and Bloemhof, 2012), spare parts for aftermarket sales (Inderfurth and Mukherjee, 2008;McKenna et al, 2013), and PSS (Intlekofer et al, 2010;Spengler and Stolting, 2008). Spengler and Stolting (2008) evaluate the effect of strategic business decisions such as incorporating design for remanufacturing, the business organisational structure, the returns incentive system and the process capacity upon life cycle product costs.…”