Decisions on Breast-feeding or Formula Feeding and Trends in Infant-Feeding Practices

Sarett, Herbert P.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1983.02140340003001

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…26,27 In view of the contradictory theories, one hypothesis can be made. As a number of authors state, [28][29][30] a decision in favor of breast-feeding mostly occurs before pregnancy, and is consolidated during the first trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, it is made before contact with health professionals, and thus a change of attitude would be rare and unexpected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of newborn healthcare among pregnant women: basis for promotional and educational programs on breastfeeding

Issler

2001

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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CONTEXT: Promotional and educational programs relating to breastfeeding are important for reversing the decline in this practice. Most programs are centered exclusively on breastfeeding, although general knowledge about newborn healthcare may be important, especially among pregnant women. OBJECTIVE: To study pregnant women's knowledge about general healthcare of newborns, including breastfeeding aspects. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Prof. Samuel Barnsley Pessoa Health School Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: All pregnant women who were registered in the prenatal care program during six consecutive months. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Aspects of the current gestation, previous gestations and childbirths, knowledge of the general aspects of newborn healthcare and of breastfeeding practices. RESULTS: The results show that only a little over half of the pregnant women had received any information on newborn healthcare. Misinformation was clearly present regarding proper care of the umbilical stump and the nature of jaundice, and worst regarding how to treat oral thrush and jaundice, and about vaccination. In relation to breastfeeding, even though almost all the pregnant women declared their intention to breastfeed, less than half had a concrete response regarding how long to do it for. The low rates obtained in the topics dealing with the duration, nursing intervals and the attitude to be taken towards hypogalactia show unfamiliarity with the breastfeeding technique. The "weak milk" belief, the misinformation about contraceptive methods during breastfeeding and the cost of artificial formulas also have a negative impact on this practice. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women's knowledge of newborn healthcare is low, as much in the aspects of general care as in relation to the practice of breastfeeding. These findings must be taken into consideration in educative programs promoting breastfeeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of newborn healthcare among pregnant women: basis for promotional and educational programs on breastfeeding

Issler

2001

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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“…This rate of mothers attempting to breast-feed is significantly higher than the 54.4% reported in the USA, with an incidence of in-hospital breast-feeding of 65.0%, 33.3% and 77.7% among white, black and Hispanic mothers, respectively. [5][6][7] However, this high rate in our population is followed by subsequent failure to maintain breast-feeding in the first few months of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Feeding Practices in a University Hospital in Riyadh: Are they Baby Friendly?

Kilani

1999

Ann Saudi Med

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The incidence of breast-feeding in Saudi Arabia has been declining over the past two decades.1-4 Such a decrease in prevalence and duration of breast-feeding contrasts with increased utilization of health services. Previous studies were focused primarily on the phenomenon of declining breast-feeding rates. The reasons behind this decline have not been investigated, particularly the contribution of feeding practices in the baby's first few days in the hospital to the declining rate of breast-feeding among Saudi women. We conducted this study to describe the feeding practices in a university hospital, and to evaluate its potential contribution to the declining rates of breastfeeding. Patients and MethodsThe hospital records of all infants born during the month of March 1997, were reviewed. All healthy infants of more than 36 weeks' gestation who did not require admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were included. Data were collected on all infants regarding birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), mode of delivery, maternal age and parity, amniotic fluid status, requirement for resuscitation at birth, Apgar score, and duration of hospital stay. The timing and type of first feed was recorded. Also recorded were the timing of the first breastfeeding event (BF-AGE), the number of bottle and breast-feeding events, and the number of breast-feeding events that were supplemented immediately or within one hour of breast-feeding by a bottle feed. Information regarding requirement for phototherapy, duration, total serum bilirubin, and presence of setup or hemolysis were recorded, as well as any abnormalities or problems noted in the infants.The infants were subcategorized according to mode of delivery (by cesarean section or vaginally), and treatment with phototherapy. Each group was analyzed separately. Each feeding episode was counted as an event. The total formula-feeding events (FFE) and the total breast-feeding events (BFE) for each infant were counted. The breastfeeding events were subdivided into isolated breast-feeding events (IBFE) and supplemented breast-feeding events (SBFE). Breast-feeding events were considered supplemented if a formula was fed immediately after or within one hour of the breast-feeding event. The mean and standard deviation for each category were calculated. The percentage of breast-feeding events to the total feeding events (BFE/TFE%) were calculated, using the formula: BFE/TFE% = BFE x 100/FFE + BFE. The percentage of supplemented breast-feeding to total breast-feeding events (SBFE/BFE%) were calculated by the formula: SBFE/BFE% = SBFE x 100/BFE. We considered the BF-AGE, the BFE/TFE% and the SBFE/BFE% as the breast-feeding outcome measures.We used two-tailed t-test to compare two groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons, and correlation coefficients to describe associations between different variables. We considered a Pvalue of less than 5% as statistically significant. ResultsA total of 239 infants were born during the month of March 1997. We excl...

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“…The increase in breast-feeding during the 1970s and early 1980s in the United States was accompanied by a somewhat later introduction of beikost. Beikost was introduced into the diet later for breast-fed than for formula-fed infants (Fomon 1993, Sarrett et al 1983). …”

Section: Beikostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the age of introduction of cereal from 1976 to 1991 are shown in Figure 10, which is based on a survey carried out from 1976 to 1980 (Sarrett et al 1983) and unpublished data from 1991 (Boettcher, J. A., personal communication).…”

Section: Beikostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Feeding in the 20th Century: Formula and Beikost

Fomon

2001

The Journal of Nutrition

170

120

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The early years of the 20th century were notable for improvements in general sanitation, dairying practices and milk handling. Most infants were breast-fed, often with some formula feeding as well. Availability of the home icebox permitted safe storage of milk and infant formula, and by the 1920s, feeding of orange juice and cod liver oil greatly decreased the incidence of scurvy and rickets. Use of evaporated milk for formula preparation decreased bacterial contamination and curd tension of infant formulas. From 1930 through the 1960s, breastfeeding declined and cow's milk and beikost were introduced into the diet at earlier and earlier ages. Although commercially prepared formulas, including iron-fortified formulas replaced home-prepared formulas, few infants were breast-fed or formula fed after 4 -6 mo of age. Iron deficiency was prevalent. From 1970 through 1999, a resurgence of breast-feeding was associated with a prolongation of formula feeding and an increase in usage of iron-fortified formulas. By the end of the century, formula feeding of older infants had largely replaced feeding of fresh cow's milk and the prevalence of iron deficiency had greatly decreased. J. Nutr. 131: 409S-420S, 2001.

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Decisions on Breast-feeding or Formula Feeding and Trends in Infant-Feeding Practices

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Knowledge of newborn healthcare among pregnant women: basis for promotional and educational programs on breastfeeding

Knowledge of newborn healthcare among pregnant women: basis for promotional and educational programs on breastfeeding

Routine Feeding Practices in a University Hospital in Riyadh: Are they Baby Friendly?

Infant Feeding in the 20th Century: Formula and Beikost

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