Declarative memory consolidation: Mechanisms acting during human sleep

Gais, Steffen; Born, Jan

doi:10.1101/lm.80504

Cited by 441 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…None of the sleep parameters was significantly associated with the gain in memory performance for any of the three tasks in both age groups (r < 0.32), consonant with the view that time in certain sleep stages per se does not sensitively reflect the processes that mediate memory consolidation . Subjective feelings of tiredness and motivation rated before learning and before retrieval did not indicate any differences between the sleep and the wake condition in adults or children.Our results in adults replicate previous findings showing that retention of declarative and procedural memories benefit from a period of sleep in comparison with wakefulness after learning (Walker et al 2003b;Gais and Born 2004;Walker et al 2005;Ellenbogen et al 2006;Gais et al 2006;Robertson and Cohen 2006). By contrast, in the children the effect of sleep on retention depends on the type of memory task: like in adults, retention of declarative memories was distinctly enhanced when sleep followed learning.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…Our results in adults replicate previous findings showing that retention of declarative and procedural memories benefit from a period of sleep in comparison with wakefulness after learning (Walker et al 2003b;Gais and Born 2004;Walker et al 2005;Ellenbogen et al 2006;Gais et al 2006;Robertson and Cohen 2006). By contrast, in the children the effect of sleep on retention depends on the type of memory task: like in adults, retention of declarative memories was distinctly enhanced when sleep followed learning.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

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Sleep in children improves memory performance on declarative but not procedural tasks

Wilhelm¹,

Diekelmann²,

Born³

2008

Learn. Mem.

Self Cite

232

225

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Sleep supports the consolidation of memory in adults. Childhood is a period hallmarked by huge demands of brain plasticity as well as great amounts of efficient sleep. Whether sleep supports memory consolidation in children as in adults is unclear. We compared effects of nocturnal sleep (versus daytime wakefulness) on consolidation of declarative (word-pair associates, two-dimensional [2D] object location), and procedural memories (finger sequence tapping) in 15 children (6-8 yr) and 15 adults. Beneficial effects of sleep on retention of declarative memories were comparable in children and adults. However, opposite to adults, children showed smaller improvement in finger-tapping skill across retention sleep than wakefulness, indicating that sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation depends on developmental stage.Compelling evidence has been accumulated that sleep supports the consolidation of newly acquired memories in adults (Maquet 2001;Stickgold 2005;Born et al. 2006). Declarative memories benefit particularly from slow wave sleep (SWS), whereas procedural memories benefit particularly from REM sleep (Plihal and Born 1997;Peigneux et al. 2004;Marshall and Born 2007), aside from distinct contributions of non-REM sleep stage 2 to memory consolidation (Gais et al. 2002;Fogel and Smith 2006;Peters et al. 2007). Childhood, compared with adulthood, is characterized not only by distinctly greater amounts of sleep and SWS (Anders et al. 1995;Ohayon et al. 2004) but also by a tremendous extent of brain and behavioral plasticity, determining the child's capability to rapidly acquire huge amounts of facts and to effectively shape skills in response to environmental challenges (Li et al. 2006;Brehmer et al. 2007). However, the role developmental sleep plays for consolidating memory has only been scarcely examined. Restriction of sleep in schoolchildren was shown to be associated to impairments in different cognitive functions (Carskadon et al. 1981;Randazzo et al. 1998;Steenari et al. 2003). Animal studies provided considerable evidence that developmental sleep, like sleep in adults, is crucially involved in brain plasticity (for review, see Dang-Vu et al. 2006). However, in a recent human study (Fischer et al. 2007), children aged 7-11 yr, in contrast to adults, showed impaired rather than improved implicit sequence knowledge in a procedural serial reaction-time task when training was followed by periods of sleep, pointing toward differential dynamics of sleep-dependent consolidation of procedural memories during development.In the present study, we dissociated effects of post-learning sleep on procedural and declarative types of memories in 15 healthy children (age 6-8 yr, mean ‫ע‬ SEM: 7.5 ‫ע‬ 0.16 yr; 9 females, 6 males) and 15 healthy adults (26.5 ‫ע‬ 1.3 yr; 13 females, 2 males). The study was approved by the local ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained by participants and the children's parents. All subjects had normal sleep and were adapted to standard polysomnographic recordings (obtained by a...

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supporting

confidence: 79%

supporting

confidence: 79%

Sleep in children improves memory performance on declarative but not procedural tasks

Wilhelm¹,

Diekelmann²,

Born³

2008

Learn. Mem.

Self Cite

232

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on research within medicine and biology, we know that night's rest is essential to helping maintain mood, attention, motivation, memory and cognitive performance. While asleep, the brain integrates new knowledge and forms new associations (see, e.g., AlDabal & BaHammam, 2011;Alvaro, 2014;Beebe, 2011;Buckhalt et al, 2007;Gais & Born, 2004;Louca & Short, 2014;Meijer et al, 2000;Siegel, 2001;Vandekerckhove & Cluydts, 2010;Walker & Stickgold, 2004). From an empirical point of view, former contributions indeed found a positive relation between sleep quality and/or sleep duration and academic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mister Sandman, bring me good marks! On the relationship between sleep quality and academic achievement

Baert

Omey

Verhaest

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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Abstract. There is growing evidence that health factors affect tertiary education success in a causal way. This study assesses the effect of sleep quality on academic achievement at university. To this end, we surveyed 2 804 students about their sleep quality by means of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before the start of their first exam period in December 2013 at Ghent University. PSQI scores were merged with course marks in this exam period. Instrumenting PSQI scores by sleep quality during secondary education, we find that increasing total sleep quality with one standard deviation leads to 4.85 percentage point higher course marks.Based on this finding, we suggest that higher education providers might be incentivised to invest part of their resources for social facilities in professional support for students with sleep and other health problems.

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“…Whereas there is considerable evidence that REM sleep is involved in procedural memory consolidation and NREM sleep in declarative learning (Gais and Born 2004;Smith 2010), it is REM sleep that appears to be involved in emotional declarative memory consolidation (Wagner et al 2001). There have been proposals that the increased cortisol in the second part of the night is a functional component of emotional memory consolidation during REM sleep (Payne and Nadel 2004;Wagner and Born 2008;Payne 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of salivary-assessed oxytocin and cortisol levels with time of night and sleep stage

et al. 2012

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There have been proposals for REM to have a function of emotional memory consolidation, and also for REM sleep to be involved in the promotion of attachment behaviour. The hormones cortisol and oxytocin, respectively, may be involved in these proposed REM sleep functions. However, there are conflicting reports on whether levels of cortisol differ between sleep stages when time since sleep onset (SSO) is controlled, and virtually no literature on whether levels of oxytocin differ between sleep stages. This study thus investigated the changes in levels of oxytocin (OT) and cortisol (CT) across the night, and whether these levels differ between REM and N2 sleep when time SSO is controlled. 20 participants (10 males, 10 females, mean age = 20.45, SD = 2.01) were awakened 10 min into REM and N2 sleep periods in the sleep laboratory and gave saliva samples which were assayed for OT and CT. Levels of OT were relatively constant across the night, whereas CT increased significantly. REM and N2 did not differ significantly neither for OT nor for CT. The study has implications for models of sleep-dependent memory consolidation that incorporate the late sleep increase in cortisol as a functional component of memory consolidation, and also for the medical diagnostic assaying of OT during sleep.

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Declarative memory consolidation: Mechanisms acting during human sleep

Cited by 441 publications

References 86 publications

Sleep in children improves memory performance on declarative but not procedural tasks

Sleep in children improves memory performance on declarative but not procedural tasks

Mister Sandman, bring me good marks! On the relationship between sleep quality and academic achievement

Association of salivary-assessed oxytocin and cortisol levels with time of night and sleep stage

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