Decline in Physical Activity in Black Girls and White Girls during Adolescence

Kimm, Sue Y. S.; Glynn, Nancy W.; Kriska, Andrea M.; Barton, Bruce; Kronsberg, Shari S.; Daniels, Stephen R.; Crawford, Patricia B.; Sabry, Zak I.; Liu, Kiang

doi:10.1056/nejmoa003277

Cited by 795 publications

(640 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…13,14 Furthermore, over the childhood period, physical activity appears to decline with increasing age. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Also, the type of physical activity changes with growth and development. Free play or other nonsustained activities give way to more structured activities such as team sports, sports clubs, individual lessons (eg, dance, gymnastics, martial arts), and school-based physical education.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

2005

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AIM:To review the published prospective observational studies of the relationship of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the development of overweight and adiposity, with an emphasis on methodologic issues. METHODS: Sample size, population studied, length of follow-up, assessment of exposure (physical activity, inactivity, or sedentary behavior), assessment of outcome (relative weight, overweight, % body fatness, adiposity), statistical approach, and main findings were extracted, summarized, and key methodological issues highlighted. RESULTS: In total, 17 studies of physical activity and 15 studies of inactivity/sedentary behavior were identified; as these were not mutually exclusive, 20 unique studies were reviewed. Results were mixed, with most studies showing an inverse association of physical activity with weight or fatness outcomes and/or a direct association of inactivity/sedentary behavior with weight or fatness outcomes. The effects identified were generally of small magnitude. Imprecise measurement of activity exposures likely weakens the observed relationships. Most studies used a pre-post design and had limited duration of follow-up (r2 y). Studies with longer and more frequent follow-up did not always use the most advantageous statistical approach. CONCLUSIONS: On balance, the available evidence from prospective observational studies suggests that increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior are protective against relative weight and fatness gains over childhood and adolescence. In addition to improved measurement methods, longer and more frequent follow-up as well as truly longitudinal analysis methods would help establish these important prevention and intervention targets, and identify subgroups or development periods where interventions would likely be effective.

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Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

2005

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“…During this time, total activity (min/week) and habitual leisure-time activity (MET-times/week) have been shown to decrease markedly among males (31%) (van Mechelen et al, 2000) and females (83%) (Kimm et al, 2002), respectively. Studies of PA and TEE during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood are important since this period reflects marked changes in behavioral (alcohol and tobacco use, dietary and physical activity patterns), socio-demographic (independence/autonomy from family, marriage, employment), and biological (body fatness, aerobic fitness) factors that may be associated with an increased risk of obesity and comorbidities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical activity among young adults

Wickel

Eisenmann

2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To examine the within-and between-individual variability in the estimated total energy expenditure (TEE) and habitual physical activity (PA) in free-living young adults. We were specifically interested in the day-to-day variation. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University. Subjects: A total of 277 (125 males, 152 females) participants aged 18-24 years. Interventions: None. Main outcome measures: Subjects recorded their daily PA with the Bouchard 3-day diary. Descriptive statistics for TEE, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), inactivity (IA), and activity energy expenditure (AEE) were calculated and presented as a frequency distribution. Within-and between-individual variability were tested by RMANOVA and also presented as the coefficient of variation (CV). Results: Mean values for TEE, MVPA, AEE, and IA were comparable between males and females; however, considerable between-individual variability existed. Only MVPA showed a significant difference between sexes (Po0.05), due to slightly greater vigorous PA in males compared to females (8.0 and 6.8 kcal/kg/day, respectively; P ¼ 0.12). Results from the RMANOVA revealed no significant day-to-day variability in any TEE or PA variable and the CVs were not significantly different between males and females. TEE and IA displayed mean CVs of approximately 12% while mean CVs for AEE and MVPA approximated 32 and 84%, respectively. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest (1) a limited day-to-day variability in TEE and (2) a large degree of betweenindividual variation for TEE and PA exist. This study highlights the importance of understanding the variability associated with TEE, which is important for PA measurement and proper PA and nutritional recommendations. Sponsorship: None.

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“…However, secondary analysis of objectively monitored physical activity data suggests the greatest disparities in physical activity among youth are by gender and age [3]. Moreover, while youth from all backgrounds generally do not meet national recommendations, girls and children from African American, Latino, and low-income backgrounds are more likely than their counterparts to not meet physical activity guidelines [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Sport Participation Under Two School Sport Policies: Comparisons by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

et al. 2012

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Background School-based extracurricular sport remains an effective strategy to increase physical activity. However, school sport is often limited to a small number of elite athletes. Few schools provide more inclusive sport programs that offer a wider array of activities regardless of ability. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine school sport participation in middle schools (ages 11-14) with contrasting school sport delivery strategies (intramural vs. interscholastic). Methods Data were obtained through an online survey administered to students at four public middle schools (grades 6-8) in a southeastern US city (n02,582). Results More students participated in school sports at intramural schools. Boys were more likely to participate in afterschool sports at intramural schools. Low-income and Black children, two groups at greater risk of physical inactivity and other negative outcomes, had greater participation in intramural programs. Conclusions After-school intramural sports in middle school is a promising strategy for increasing sport participation.

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Decline in Physical Activity in Black Girls and White Girls during Adolescence

Abstract: Substantial declines in physical activity occur during adolescence in girls and are greater in black girls than in white girls. Some determinants of this decline, such as higher body-mass index, pregnancy, and smoking, may be modifiable.

Cited by 795 publications

References 23 publications

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical activity among young adults

School Sport Participation Under Two School Sport Policies: Comparisons by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

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