Decline in Presumptively Protective Gut Bacterial Species and Metabolites Are Paradoxically Associated with Disease Improvement in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease During Enteral Nutrition

Gerasimidis, Konstantinos; Bertz, Martin; Hanske, Laura; Junick, Jana; Biskou, Olga; Aguilera, Margarita; Garrick, Vikki; Russell, Richard K.; Blaut, Michaël; McGrogan, Paraic; Edwards, Christine

doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000023

Cited by 201 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although being plausible that short- and long-term changes in the composition of normal human microbiota affect the susceptibility and course of IBD, a causal relationship between antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and the development of IBD has not been proven yet. In fact, the reduction of the presumably protective F. prausnitzii by exclusive enteral nutrition was not associated with a more severe course of CD in children, but led to a clinical improvement in a recent study [62] challenging the concept of the importance of keystone taxa in IBD.…”

Section: Antibiotics - Friend or Foe In The Pathogenesis And Course Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota

Lange

Buerger²,

Stallmach³

et al. 2016

Dig Dis

496

311

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The gut microbiota influences essential human functions including digestion, energy metabolism, and inflammation by modulating multiple endocrine, neural, and immune pathways of the host. Its composition and complexity varies markedly across individuals and across different sites of the gut, but provides a certain level of resilience against external perturbation. Short-term antibiotic treatment is able to shift the gut microbiota to long-term alternative dysbiotic states, which may promote the development and aggravation of disease. Common features of post-antibiotic dysbiosis include a loss of taxonomic and functional diversity combined with reduced colonization resistance against invading pathogens, which harbors the danger of antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes the antibiotic-related changes of the gut microbiota and potential consequences in health and disease.

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Section: Antibiotics - Friend or Foe In The Pathogenesis And Course Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota

Lange

Buerger²,

Stallmach³

et al. 2016

Dig Dis

496

311

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This has led to re-evaluation of dietary fibre recommendations for children but much is still based on extrapolation rather than solid evidence. In parallel, continued debate about the definition of dietary fibre (1) and growing awareness of the importance of the gut microbiome in a range of acute and chronic conditions (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) has added to the impetus for understanding the role of dietary fibre in childhood in establishing sustained health and prevention of chronic disease. In this review, the current recommendations for childhood will be discussed alongside evidence for the effects of dietary fibre.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fibre and health in children and adolescents

2015

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The role of dietary fibre in promoting sustained health has been studied for several decades and in adults there is good evidence that diets rich in high-fibre foods reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including CVD and cancer. Research in this area, however, has been hampered by uncertainties about the definition of dietary fibre which has resulted in many studies measuring fibre in different ways. There is also a wide range of properties and actions of different fibres in the human body, depending on their solubility, viscosity and fermentability by the colonic microbiota. This review considers the epidemiological evidence for dietary fibre and health in children and the current dietary recommendations and measured intakes in several countries using national surveys. In children and adolescents, there is a particular lack of relevant research on which to formulate appropriate dietary fibre recommendations and these are often based on extrapolation from adult data. However, children are not little adults and have differing physiology and nutritional needs as they grow. The dietary recommendations in different countries are based on varying premises and daily amounts. Intakes vary from country to country and on the whole do not meet recommendations. Much more research is needed in children to fully understand the impact of dietary fibre on growth and health in the young to allow more appropriate recommendations to be made.

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“…EEN improves mucosal healing [100] and significantly reduces levels of proinflammatory acetic acid, while increasing the concentration of the anti-inflammatory butyric acid [101]. It should however be noted that a significant reduction of the protective bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has also been observed [102], suggesting that alternative mechanisms could be responsible for the beneficial effects of EEN in CD.…”

Section: Diet As a Microbiome-mediated Therapeutic Toolmentioning

confidence: 96%

Engineering the Microbiome: a Novel Approach to Immunotherapy for Allergic and Immune Diseases

Shen

Clemente

2015

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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The incidence of immune disorders is growing parallel with practices associated with westernization, such as dietary changes, increased use of antibiotics, or elevated rates of Cesarean section. These practices can significantly impact the gut microbiota, the collection of bacteria residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, and subsequently disrupt the delicate balance existing between commensal flora and host immune responses. Restoring this balance by modifying the microbiota has thus emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Here, we discuss the interaction between gut commensals and immunity, along with the potential of different interventions on the microbiota as treatment for inflammatory and allergic diseases.

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Decline in Presumptively Protective Gut Bacterial Species and Metabolites Are Paradoxically Associated with Disease Improvement in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease During Enteral Nutrition

Abstract: EEN impacts on gut microbiota composition and changes fecal metabolic activity. It is difficult to infer a causative association between such changes and disease improvement, but the results do challenge the current perception of a protective role for F. prausnitzii in CD.

Cited by 201 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota

Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota

Dietary fibre and health in children and adolescents

Engineering the Microbiome: a Novel Approach to Immunotherapy for Allergic and Immune Diseases

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