Decline in Rotavirus Hospitalizations and Health Care Visits for Childhood Diarrhea Following Rotavirus Vaccination in El Salvador

Yen, Catherine; Guardado, Julio A. Armero; Alberto, Patricia; Araujo, David S. Rodriguez; Mena, Carlos; Cuellar, Elizabeth; Nolasco, Jenny Brenda; Oliveira, Lúcia Helena de; Pastor, Desireé; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Patel, Manish

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e3181fefa05

Cited by 128 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Despite lower efficacy in lowresource settings, the benefits of vaccination could be substantial in countries with a high baseline burden of severe rotavirus disease. Significant declines in all-cause gastroenteritis mortality and hospitalizations among children <5 years of age have been observed following rotavirus vaccine introduction in a few early-adopter countries with low child mortality [11][12][13][14][15]. The variation in efficacy by national gross domestic product [16] underscores the importance of monitoring the impact of rotavirus vaccination in low-income, high-mortality settings during routine programmatic use, where vaccine performance may differ from the optimal conditions of clinical trials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Hospitalizations and Deaths From Childhood Gastroenteritis in Botswana

et al. 2016

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Background. A monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (RV1) was introduced in Botswana in July 2012. We assessed the impact of RV1 vaccination on childhood gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations and deaths in 2013 and 2014.Methods. We obtained data from registers of 4 hospitals in Botswana on hospitalizations and deaths from gastroenteritis, regardless of cause, among children <5 years of age. Gastroenteritis hospitalizations and deaths during the prevaccine period (January 2009-December 2012) were compared to the postvaccine period (January 2013-December 2014). Vaccine coverage was estimated from data collected through a concurrent vaccine effectiveness study at the same hospitals.Results. By December 2014, coverage with ≥1 dose of RV1 was an estimated 90% among infants <1 year of age and 76% among children 12-23 months of age. In the prevaccine period, the annual median number of gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations in children <5 years of age was 1212, and of gastroenteritis-related deaths in children <2 years of age was 77. In the postvaccine period, gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations decreased by 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16%-29%) to 937, and gastroenteritis-related deaths decreased by 22% (95% CI, −9% to 44%) to 60. Declines were most prominent during the rotavirus season (May-October) and among infants <1 year of age, with reductions of 43% (95% CI, 34%-51%) in gastroenteritis hospitalizations and 48% (95% CI, 11%-69%) in gastroenteritis deaths.Conclusions. Following introduction of RV1 into the national immunization program, significant declines in hospitalizations and deaths from gastroenteritis were observed among children in Botswana, suggestive of the beneficial public health impact of rotavirus vaccination.

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Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Hospitalizations and Deaths From Childhood Gastroenteritis in Botswana

et al. 2016

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“…Two studies from two Latin American countries (Brazil, El Salvador) have reported a decline of 59% to 81% in laboratory-confirmed RVA hospitalizations among children younger than five years of age in post-vaccine years (Sáfadi et al 2010, Yen et al 2011a). …”

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“…Population-based time-trends of gastroenteritis burden before and after vaccine implementation -Four middle income countries in Latin America (Brazil, El Salvador, Mexico and Panama) have published reports on population-based time-trends of gastroenteritis and/or RVA disease burden reductions after RVA vaccine introduction (de Palma et al 2010, Lanzieri et al 2010, 2011, Richardson et al 2010, Sáfadi et al 2010, do Carmo et al 2011, Molto et al 2011, Quintanar-Solares et al 2011, Yen et al 2011a (Table I). In these countries, vaccine coverage among infants younger than one year of age with at least one dose of RVA vaccine ranged from 74-94% during the post-vaccine years for which data were evaluated.…”

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Reduction in morbidity and mortality from childhood diarrhoeal disease after species A rotavirus vaccine introduction in Latin America : a review

Desai

Oliveira

Parashar

et al. 2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Countries in Latin America were among the first to implement routine vaccination against species A rotavirus (RVA). We evaluate data from Latin America on reductions in gastroenteritis and RVA disease burden following the introduction of RVA vaccine. Published literature was reviewed to identify case-control studies of vaccine effectiveness and population-based studies examining longitudinal trends of diarrhoeal disease reduction after RVA vaccine introduction in Latin American countries. RVA vaccine effectiveness and impact on gastroenteritis mortality and hospitalization rates and RVA hospitalization rates are described. Among middle-income Latin American countries with published data (Mexico, Brazil, El Salvador and Panama), RVA vaccine contributed to a gastroenteritis-associated mortality reduction of 22-41%, a gastroenteritis-associated hospitalization reduction of 17-51% and a RVA hospitalization reduction of 59-81% among children younger than five years of age. In Brazil and El Salvador, case-control studies demonstrated that a full RVA vaccination schedule was 76-85% effective against RVA hospitalization; a lower effectiveness of 46% was seen in Nicaragua, the only low-income country with available data. A growing body of literature offers convincing evidence of "real world" vaccine program successes in Latin American settings, which may be expanded as more countries in the region include RVA vaccine in their immunization programs

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“…The safety, effectiveness and impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction in the decrease of severe gastroenteritis, hospitalizations, and deaths in some LA countries was discussed, including Mexico, El Salvador, Brazil and Panama [6][7][8][9]. Despite the worldwide and local beneficial evidence, some LA countries have still not introduced it universally due to economical reasons, among others.…”

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Vaccine-preventable diseases and their impact on Latin American children

Ulloa‐Gutiérrez

Miño²,

Odio³

et al. 2011

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Decline in Rotavirus Hospitalizations and Health Care Visits for Childhood Diarrhea Following Rotavirus Vaccination in El Salvador

Abstract: Rotavirus vaccination had a substantial public health impact on rotavirus disease and overall diarrhea events in El Salvador. Important age-related changes in diarrheal incidence emphasize the need for ongoing rotavirus surveillance after vaccine introduction.

Cited by 128 publications

References 10 publications

Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Hospitalizations and Deaths From Childhood Gastroenteritis in Botswana

Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Hospitalizations and Deaths From Childhood Gastroenteritis in Botswana

Reduction in morbidity and mortality from childhood diarrhoeal disease after species A rotavirus vaccine introduction in Latin America : a review

Vaccine-preventable diseases and their impact on Latin American children

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