Decline of Quercus crispula in abandoned coppice forests caused by secondary succession and Japanese oak wilt disease: Stand dynamics over twenty years

Nakajima, Haruki; Ishida, Megumi

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.021

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…2). Furthermore, oak decline seems to be a global phenomenon, as it has been also described in Japan (Nakajima & Ishida 2014) and northern America (Elliott & Swank 1994).…”

Section: The Oak Decline Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 83%

Drought-induced oak decline in the western Mediterranean region: an overview on current evidences, mechanisms and management options to improve forest resilience

Gentilesca¹,

Camarero²,

Colangelo³

et al. 2017

iForest

129

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Increased forest vulnerability is being reflected as more widespread and severe drought-induced decline episodes. In particular, the Mediterranean area is revealing a high susceptibility to phenomena of loss in tree vitality across species. Within tree species, oaks (Quercus spp.) are experiencing extensive decline in many countries. However, in the wake of the so-called "oak decline phenomenon", the attention on these species has generally been limited. In this paper, we review the current available literature on oakdecline cases reported within the Mediterranean Basin, with particular remark for those occurred in Italy and Spain. More specifically our main aims were to: (i) provide an update on the patterns and mechanisms of decline by focusing on tree-ring and wood-anatomical variables; (ii) provide some hints for improving the resistance and resilience of oak stands experiencing decline. Our review reveals that drought is reported as the main driver triggering oak decline within the Mediterranean Basin, although other causes (i.e., increasing temperature, pathogens attack or excessive stand density) could exacerbate decline. In most reported cases, drought induced a substantial reduction of growth and changes in some wood anatomical properties. Indeed, growth decline prior death is also indicated as an early-warning signal of impending death. In ring-porous oak species, declining trees were often characterized by a very low production of latewood and a decrease in lumen area of the widest earlywood vessels, suggesting a potential reduction of hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, hydraulic dysfunction is reported as the main cause of decline. Finally, regarding management actions that should be considered for improving the resilience of declining stands and preserve the species-specific stand composition, it could be useful to shorten the rotation period of coppice stands or promoting their gradual conversion towards high forests, and favoring more drought-resistant species should also be considered. In addition, regeneration prior to regeneration cuts should be improved by anticipating seed dispersal or by planting oak seedlings obtained from local germoplasm.

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“…2). Furthermore, oak decline seems to be a global phenomenon, as it has been also described in Japan (Nakajima & Ishida 2014) and northern America (Elliott & Swank 1994).…”

Section: The Oak Decline Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 83%

Drought-induced oak decline in the western Mediterranean region: an overview on current evidences, mechanisms and management options to improve forest resilience

Gentilesca¹,

Camarero²,

Colangelo³

et al. 2017

iForest

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This abandonment parallels that of Japan (Suzuki, 2013), and a considerable number of deciduous oak forests grown from such coppices have suffered from the mass mortality of oak trees (Kuroda, Osumi & Oku, 2012; Nakajima & Ishida, 2014) caused by Japanese oak wilt (Kuroda, Osumi & Oku, 2012). The direct cause of the mortality is a pathogenic species of fungus Raffaelea quercivora Kubono et Shin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The two major deciduous oak species in Japan, Quercus crispula Blume and Quercus serrata Murray, are vulnerable to the pathogenic fungus. Nakajima & Ishida (2014) showed that 80 ± 19% (mean ± standard deviation) stems of Quercus crispula died, while 34 ± 19% stems of Quercus serrata died. Naka (1982) studied an old-growth evergreen forest in the Kasugayama Forest Reserve in Nara City, which is located about 40 km south of the study site, and showed that the major gap generator was typhoons, and that the interval between the typhoon disturbances was 6.57 years with a tree fall rate for overstory trees of 0.84 trees/ha/year, and that the canopy opening rate was 55.6 m 2 /ha/year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in understory species occurrence of a secondary broadleaved forest after mass mortality of oak trees under deer foraging pressure

Itô

2016

PeerJ

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The epidemic of mass mortality of oak trees by Japanese oak wilt has affected secondary deciduous broadleaved forests that have been used as coppices in Japan. The dieback of oak trees formed gaps in the crown that would be expected to enhance the regeneration of shade-intolerant pioneer species. However, foraging by sika deer Cervus nippon has also affected forest vegetation, and the compound effects of both on forest regeneration should be considered when they simultaneously occur. A field study was conducted in Kyôto City, Japan to investigate how these compound effects affected the vegetation of the understory layer of these forests. The presence/absence of seedlings and saplings was observed for 200 quadrats sized 5 m ×5 m for each species in 1992, before the mass mortality and deer encroachment, and in 2014 after these effects. A hierarchical Bayesian model was constructed to explain the occurrence, survival, and colonization of each species with their responses to the gaps that were created, expanded, or affected by the mass mortality of Quercus serrata trees. The species that occurred most frequently in 1992, Eurya japonica, Quercus glauca, and Cleyera japonica, also had the highest survival probabilities. Deer-unpalatable species such as Symplocos prunifolia and Triadica sebifera had higher colonization rates in the gaps, while the deer-palatable species Aucuba japonica had the smallest survival probability. The gaps thus promoted the colonization of deer-unpalatable plant species such as Symplocos prunifolia and Triadica sebifera. In the future, such deer-unpalatable species may dominate gaps that were created, expanded, or affected by the mass mortality of oak trees.

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“…According to the latest surveys, forest lands cover an area of 656,004 ha, which is 27.66 % of the entire land area, and oak forests make up 71.65 % of the forest lands in Thrace . Coppice forests are man-made secondary forests (Nakajima and Ishida 2014) that were cut every 20 years, and usually regenerated themselves via sprouting. Almost all coppice forest management was abandoned mainly in 2006 in Turkey, with the idea of "converting coppices into high forests", following the decision taken by the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (MFWA) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parent material, stand type and oak species on defoliation of coppice-originated oak (Quercus spp.) forests in Northern Turkish Thrace

et al. 2017

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Decline of Quercus crispula in abandoned coppice forests caused by secondary succession and Japanese oak wilt disease: Stand dynamics over twenty years

Cited by 34 publications

References 80 publications

Drought-induced oak decline in the western Mediterranean region: an overview on current evidences, mechanisms and management options to improve forest resilience

Drought-induced oak decline in the western Mediterranean region: an overview on current evidences, mechanisms and management options to improve forest resilience

Changes in understory species occurrence of a secondary broadleaved forest after mass mortality of oak trees under deer foraging pressure

Effects of parent material, stand type and oak species on defoliation of coppice-originated oak (Quercus spp.) forests in Northern Turkish Thrace

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