Decoding identity and action properties of tools for viewing and pantomiming

Rossit, Stéphanie; Tonin, Diana; Smith, Fraser

doi:10.1167/18.10.426

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“…A high-resolution T1-weighted anatomic image with 196 slices was acquired before the localizer runs (TR = 2000 ms; TE = 30 ms; FOV = 230 × 230 × 230 mm; FA = 9°; MS = 256 × 256; voxel size = 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.9 mm). Localizer datasets for two participants were retrieved from another study from our group ( Rossit et al, 2018 ), where the identical paradigm was performed when acquiring volumes using a whole-body 3 T scanner (MAGNETOM Prisma Fit, Siemens) with a 64-channel head coil and integrated parallel imaging techniques at the Scannexus imaging center (Maastricht, The Netherlands) and comparable acquisition parameters (functional scans: TR = 2000 ms; TE = 30 ms; FA = 77°; FOV = 216 mm; MS = 72 × 72; anatomical scan, T1-weighted anatomic image: TR = 2250 ms; TE = 2.21 ms; FA = 9°; FOV = 256 mm; MS = 256 × 256).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-Selective Visual Regions Represent How to Grasp 3D Tools: Brain Decoding during Real Actions

et al. 2021

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Most neuroimaging experiments that investigate how tools and their actions are represented in the brain use visual paradigms where tools or hands are displayed as 2D images and no real movements are performed. These studies discovered selective visual responses in occipitotemporal and parietal cortices for viewing pictures of hands or tools, which are assumed to reflect action processing, but this has rarely been directly investigated. Here, we examined the responses of independently visually defined category-selective brain areas when participants grasped 3D tools (N=20; 9 females). Using real action fMRI and multi-voxel pattern analysis, we found that grasp typicality representations (i.e., whether a tool is grasped appropriately for use) were decodable from hand-selective areas in occipito-temporal and parietal cortices, but not from tool-, object-, or body-selective areas, even if partially overlapping. Importantly, these effects were exclusive for actions with tools, but not for biomechanically matched actions with control non-tools. In addition, grasp typicality decoding was significantly higher in hand than toolselective parietal regions. Notably, grasp typicality representations were automatically evoked even when there was no requirement for tool use and participants were naïve to object category (tool vs non-tools). Finding a specificity for typical tool grasping in hand-, rather than tool-, selective regions challenges the long-standing assumption that activation for viewing tool images reflects sensorimotor processing linked to tool manipulation. Instead, our results show that typicality representations for tool grasping are automatically evoked in visual regions specialised for representing the human hand, the brain's primary tool for interacting with the world. Significance StatementThe unique ability of humans to manufacture and use tools is unsurpassed across the animal kingdom, with tool use considered a defining feature of our species. Most neuroscientific studies that investigate the brain mechanisms that support tool use, record brain activity while people simply view images of tools or hands and not when people perform actual hand movements with tools. Here we show that specific areas of the human visual system that preferentially process hands automatically encode how to appropriately grasp 3D tools, even when no actual tool use is required. These findings suggest that visual areas optimized for processing hands represent 3 fundamental aspects of tool grasping in humans, such as which side they should be grasped for 66 correct manipulation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%