Decoding odor quality and intensity in the Drosophila brain

Strutz, Antonia; Soelter, Jan; Baschwitz, Amelie; Farhan, Abu; Grabe, Veit; Rybak, Jürgen; Knaden, Markus; Schmuker, Michael; Hansson, Bill S.; Sachse, Silke

doi:10.7554/elife.04147

Cited by 147 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In line with this, previous data from fly larvae suggested that a set of odor-responsive dopaminergic neurons projecting to the LH increased attraction to appetitive odors during hunger [39]. In addition, in the adult fly, the LH appears segregated into regions for innately appetitive and aversive odors as judged by inhibitory PN innervation and activation [40]. Thus, hunger could decrease the output of the avoidance zone and thereby avoidance behavior.…”

Section: Context-dependent Parallel Processing Of Comentioning

confidence: 68%

A Higher Brain Circuit for Immediate Integration of Conflicting Sensory Information in Drosophila

et al. 2015

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Animals continuously evaluate sensory information to decide on their next action. Different sensory cues, however, often demand opposing behavioral responses. How does the brain process conflicting sensory information during decision making? Here, we show that flies use neural substrates attributed to odor learning and memory, including the mushroom body (MB), for immediate sensory integration and modulation of innate behavior. Drosophila melanogaster must integrate contradictory sensory information during feeding on fermenting fruit that releases both food odor and the innately aversive odor CO2. Here, using this framework, we examine the neural basis for this integration. We have identified a local circuit consisting of specific glutamatergic output and PAM dopaminergic input neurons with overlapping innervation in the MB-β'2 lobe region, which integrates food odor and suppresses innate avoidance. Activation of food odor-responsive dopaminergic neurons reduces innate avoidance mediated by CO2-responsive MB output neurons. We hypothesize that the MB, in addition to its long recognized role in learning and memory, serves as the insect's brain center for immediate sensory integration during instantaneous decision making.

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Section: Context-dependent Parallel Processing Of Comentioning

confidence: 68%

A Higher Brain Circuit for Immediate Integration of Conflicting Sensory Information in Drosophila

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, the targeting patterns of the two PN populations within the LH were distinct, with projections from DA1 terminating in the ventral LH and those from DM1 terminating more dorsally (Figure 2A and 2B). These projection patterns are in agreement with the literature (Jefferis et al ., 2007; Strutz et al ., 2014). Finally, while we observed postsynaptic signal from both DA1 and DM1 throughout the AL, the signal distribution was not homogeneous and was different between the two.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transsynaptic Mapping of Second-Order Taste Neurons in Flies by trans-Tango

Talay

Richman

Snell

et al. 2017

Neuron

301

360

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SUMMARY Mapping neural circuits across defined synapses is essential for understanding brain function. Here we describe trans-Tango, a technique for anterograde transsynaptic circuit tracing and manipulation. At the core of trans-Tango is a synthetic signaling pathway that is introduced into all neurons in the animal. This pathway converts receptor activation at the cell-surface into reporter expression through site-specific proteolysis. Specific labeling is achieved by presenting a tethered ligand at the synapses of genetically defined neurons, thereby activating the pathway in their postsynaptic partners and providing genetic access to these neurons. We first validated trans-Tango in the Drosophila olfactory system and then implemented it in the gustatory system, where projections beyond the first-order receptor neurons are not fully characterized. We identified putative second-order neurons within the sweet circuit that include projection neurons targeting known neuromodulation centers in the brain. These experiments establish trans-Tango as a flexible platform for transsynaptic circuit analysis.

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“…Therefore, we are unable to attribute this smaller relative calyx volume to changes in modality-specific subunits and must consider calyx volume as a whole. Interestingly, the lateral horn, which is more important for naive odor preferences [Parnas et al, 2013;Strutz et al, 2014], remained constant in relative volume. This suggests that smaller individuals (with a relatively smaller calyx) rely more on naive than on learned behavior.…”

Section: Groothuis/smidmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nasonia Parasitic Wasps Escape from Haller's Rule by Diphasic, Partially Isometric Brain-Body Size Scaling and Selective Neuropil Adaptations

Groothuis

Smid²

2017

Brain Behav Evol

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Haller's rule states that brains scale allometrically with body size in all animals, meaning that relative brain size increases with decreasing body size. This rule applies both on inter- and intraspecific comparisons. Only 1 species, the extremely small parasitic wasp Trichogramma evanescens, is known as an exception and shows an isometric brain-body size relation in an intraspecific comparison between differently sized individuals. Here, we investigated if such an isometric brain-body size relationship also occurs in an intraspecific comparison with a slightly larger parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, a species that may vary 10-fold in body weight upon differences in levels of scramble competition during larval development. We show that Nasonia exhibits diphasic brain-body size scaling: larger wasps scale allometrically, following Haller's rule, whereas the smallest wasps show isometric scaling. Brains of smaller wasps are, therefore, smaller than expected and we hypothesized that this may lead to adaptations in brain architecture. Volumetric analysis of neuropil composition revealed that wasps of different sizes differed in relative volume of multiple neuropils. The optic lobes and mushroom bodies in particular were smaller in the smallest wasps. Furthermore, smaller brains had a relatively smaller total neuropil volume and larger cellular rind than large brains. These changes in relative brain size and brain architecture suggest that the energetic constraints on brain tissue outweigh specific cognitive requirements in small Nasonia wasps.

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Decoding odor quality and intensity in the Drosophila brain

Cited by 147 publications

References 69 publications

A Higher Brain Circuit for Immediate Integration of Conflicting Sensory Information in Drosophila

A Higher Brain Circuit for Immediate Integration of Conflicting Sensory Information in Drosophila

Transsynaptic Mapping of Second-Order Taste Neurons in Flies by trans-Tango

Nasonia Parasitic Wasps Escape from Haller's Rule by Diphasic, Partially Isometric Brain-Body Size Scaling and Selective Neuropil Adaptations

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