Decoding Vagus-Nerve Activity with Carbon Nanotube Sensors in Freely Moving Rodents

Marmerstein, Joseph T.; McCallum, Grant A.; Durand, Dominique M.

doi:10.3390/bios12020114

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The ability to record neural signals selectively over an extended period has been difficult due to the degradation of electrode performance and encapsulation at the implantation site, hindering the widespread use of this technology in human patients for sensory and motor restoration. Previous research has shown that CNTY electrodes can be used for long-term interfacing with the rat vagus nerve to record vagal tone and decode vagus nerve activity for various behaviors [20,22]. The size of individual fascicles in the rat sciatic nerve ranges from 15-300 µm in diameter [30], similar to the size of the rat vagus nerve, which ranges from ∼250-500 µm in diameter [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has demonstrated that flexible electrodes like carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY), which possess a flexural rigidity similar to small nerves, can produce reliable and stable chronic recordings in the autonomic nervous system [20][21][22]. Based on this, we hypothesize that CNTY electrodes can also offer high SNR for recording neural activity in the peripheral somatic nervous system over extended periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Selective chronic recording in small nerve fascicles of sciatic nerve with carbon nanotube yarns in rats

Kotamraju,

Eggers,

McCallum

et al. 2023

J. Neural Eng.

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Objective. The primary challenge faced in the field of neural rehabilitation engineering is the limited advancement in nerve interface technology, which currently fails to match the mechanical properties of small-diameter nerve fascicles. Novel developments are necessary to enable long-term, chronic recording from a multitude of small fascicles, allowing for the recovery of motor intent and sensory signals.Approach. In this study, we analyze the chronic recording capabilities of Carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) electrodes in the peripheral somatic nervous system. The electrodes were surgically implanted in the sciatic nerve's three individual fascicles in rats, enabling the recording of neural activity during gait. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and information theory were employed to analyze the data, demonstrating the superior recording capabilities of the electrodes. Flat Interface Nerve Electrode (FINE) and Thin-Film Longitudinal Intrafascicular Electrode (tf-LIFE) electrodes were used as a references to asses the results from SNR and information theory analysis.Main results. The electrodes exhibited the ability to record chronic signals with SNRs reaching as high as 15dB, providing 12 bits of information for the sciatic nerve, a significant improvement over previous methods. Furthermore, the study revealed that the SNR and information content of the neural signals remained consistent over a period of 12 weeks across three different fascicles, indicating the stability of the interface. The signals recorded from these electrodes were also analyzed for selectivity using information theory metrics, which showed an information sharing of approximately 1.4 bits across the fascicles.Significance. The ability to safely and reliably record from multiple fascicles of different nerves simultaneously over extended periods of time holds substantial implications for the field of neural and rehabilitation engineering. This advancement addresses the limitation of current nerve interface technologies and opens up new possibilities for enhancing neural rehabilitation and control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Selective chronic recording in small nerve fascicles of sciatic nerve with carbon nanotube yarns in rats

Kotamraju,

Eggers,

McCallum

et al. 2023

J. Neural Eng.

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“…On the computational side, since the drift in the amplitudes of signals and changes in the signal-to-noise ratio greatly hampers chronic neural recordings and decoding, new algorithms for drift compensation have been developed ( 173 ). In the case of the VN, carbon nanotube yarn electrodes have been used to make the first direct chronic measurements of vagal tone in freely moving rats ( 174 ). Thanks to their small size, high flexibility, and low impedance, carbon nanotube yarn electrodes have provided stable, high-signal-to-noise chronic recordings in rats VN with high-quality signals continuing up to 4 months after implantation ( 174 ).…”

Section: Vagus Nerve Stimulation For Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the VN, carbon nanotube yarn electrodes have been used to make the first direct chronic measurements of vagal tone in freely moving rats ( 174 ). Thanks to their small size, high flexibility, and low impedance, carbon nanotube yarn electrodes have provided stable, high-signal-to-noise chronic recordings in rats VN with high-quality signals continuing up to 4 months after implantation ( 174 ).…”

Section: Vagus Nerve Stimulation For Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art and Future Directions

Ottaviani

Vallone

Micera

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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The autonomic nervous system exerts a fine beat-to-beat regulation of cardiovascular functions and is consequently involved in the onset and progression of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Selective neuromodulation of the brain-heart axis with advanced neurotechnologies is an emerging approach to corroborate CVDs treatment when classical pharmacological agents show limited effectiveness. The vagus nerve is a major component of the cardiac neuroaxis, and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising application to restore autonomic function under various pathological conditions. VNS has led to encouraging results in animal models of CVDs, but its translation to clinical practice has not been equally successful, calling for more investigation to optimize this technique. Herein we reviewed the state of the art of VNS for CVDs and discuss avenues for therapeutic optimization. Firstly, we provided a succinct description of cardiac vagal innervation anatomy and physiology and principles of VNS. Then, we examined the main clinical applications of VNS in CVDs and the related open challenges. Finally, we presented preclinical studies that aim at overcoming VNS limitations through optimization of anatomical targets, development of novel neural interface technologies, and design of efficient VNS closed-loop protocols.

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“…In [ 10 ], the authors use a carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) biosensor to chronically record from the vagus nerves of freely moving rats for over 40 continuous hours. Vagal activity is analyzed and spike-cluster-firing rates are found to correlate with food intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Biosignal Processing in Wearable and Implantable Sensors

Costin

Sanei

2022

Biosensors

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Decoding Vagus-Nerve Activity with Carbon Nanotube Sensors in Freely Moving Rodents

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Selective chronic recording in small nerve fascicles of sciatic nerve with carbon nanotube yarns in rats

Selective chronic recording in small nerve fascicles of sciatic nerve with carbon nanotube yarns in rats

Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art and Future Directions

Intelligent Biosignal Processing in Wearable and Implantable Sensors

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